docker pull centos:laster
慢慢的等待镜像文件的下载。下载完可以通过如下命令查看镜像
docker images //查看镜像信息
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos 7.2.1511 686672a1d0cc 5 weeks ago 194.6 MB
通过docker run来启动镜像，同时会创建一个容器，看下docker run的启动命令：
[root@localhost /]# docker run --help
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG…]
Run a command in a new container
-a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
–add-host=[] Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
–blkio-weight Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000
–blkio-weight-device=[] Block IO weight (relative device weight)
–cpu-shares CPU shares (relative weight)
–cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities
–cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities
–cgroup-parent Optional parent cgroup for the container
–cidfile Write the container ID to the file
–cpu-period Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
–cpu-quota Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
–cpuset-cpus CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
–cpuset-mems MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
-d, --detach Run container in background and print container ID
–detach-keys Override the key sequence for detaching a container
–device=[] Add a host device to the container
–device-read-bps=[] Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device
–device-read-iops=[] Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device
–device-write-bps=[] Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device
–device-write-iops=[] Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device
–disable-content-trust=true Skip image verification
–dns=[] Set custom DNS servers
–dns-opt=[] Set DNS options
–dns-search=[] Set custom DNS search domains
-e, --env=[] Set environment variables
–entrypoint Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
–env-file=[] Read in a file of environment variables
–expose=[] Expose a port or a range of ports
–group-add=[] Add additional groups to join
-h, --hostname Container host name
–help Print usage
-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached
–ip Container IPv4 address (e.g. 172.30.100.104)
–ip6 Container IPv6 address (e.g. 2001:db8::33)
–ipc IPC namespace to use
–isolation Container isolation level
–kernel-memory Kernel memory limit
-l, --label=[] Set meta data on a container
–label-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of labels
–link=[] Add link to another container
–log-driver Logging driver for container
–log-opt=[] Log driver options
-m, --memory Memory limit
–mac-address Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
–memory-reservation Memory soft limit
–memory-swap Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: ‘-1’ to enable unlimited swap
–memory-swappiness=-1 Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100)
–name Assign a name to the container
–net=default Connect a container to a network
–net-alias=[] Add network-scoped alias for the container
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oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer
–oom-score-adj Tune host’s OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
-P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports
-p, --publish=[] Publish a container’s port(s) to the host
–pid PID namespace to use
–privileged Give extended privileges to this container
–read-only Mount the container’s root filesystem as read only
–restart=no Restart policy to apply when a container exits
–rm Automatically remove the container when it exits
–security-opt=[] Security Options
–shm-size Size of /dev/shm, default value is 64MB
–sig-proxy=true Proxy received signals to the process
–stop-signal=SIGTERM Signal to stop a container, SIGTERM by default
–sysctl=map[] Sysctl options
-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY
–tmpfs=[] Mount a tmpfs directory
-u, --user Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
–ulimit=[] Ulimit options
–uts UTS namespace to use
-v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume
–volume-driver Optional volume driver for the container
–volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir Working directory inside the container
启动并创建一个交互式的docker容器：
[root@localhost /]# docker run -ti -d 686672a1d0cc
//-d为后台启动
通过docker ps 来查看当前运行的容器，看下docker ps的相关指令：
[root@localhost /]# docker ps --help
Usage: docker ps [OPTIONS]
List containers
-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)
-f, --filter=[] Filter output based on conditions provided
–format Pretty-print containers using a Go template
–help Print usage
-l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states)
-n=-1 Show n last created containers (includes all states)
–no-trunc Don’t truncate output
-q, --quiet Only display numeric IDs
-s, --size Display total file sizes
[root@localhost /]# docker ps//查看当前正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7d95b3df8674 686672a1d0cc “/bin/bash” 5 hours ago Up About an hour admiring_kowalevski
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a//查看所有的容器信息
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7d95b3df8674 686672a1d0cc “/bin/bash” 5 hours ago Up About an hour admiring_kowalevski
1b4ac575eda0 686672a1d0cc “/bin/bash” 23 hours ago Exited (137) About an hour ago elated_turing
通过docker start,docker stop来启动和停止容器：
[root@localhost /]# docker start --help
Usage: docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
Start one or more stopped containers
-a, --attach Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals
–detach-keys Override the key sequence for detaching a container
–help Print usage
-i, --interactive Attach container’s STDIN
[root@localhost /]# docker stop --help
Usage: docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
Stop a running container.
Sending SIGTERM and then SIGKILL after a grace period
–help Print usage
-t, --time=10 Seconds to wait for stop before killing it
[root@localhost /]# docker restart --help
Usage: docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
Restart a container
–help Print usage
-t, --time=10 Seconds to wait for stop before killing the container
使用docker exec 可以进入到已经启动的容器中，低版本的docker可能不行。
[root@localhost Desktop]# docker exec -ti 7d95b3df8674 /bin/bash
[root@7d95b3df8674 /]#
容器的工作是建立在镜像的基础之上的，如果需要删除镜像的话，需要先删除使用该镜像的容器，然后才能删除镜像，否则删除镜像的时候，会有如下的类似的错误信息提示：Failed to remove image
(e7b): Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete e7b2de517efa (must be forced) - image is being used by stopped container 4fbc3cd00987，可以通过docker rm删除容器，docker rmi 删除镜像。
[root@localhost /]# docker rm --help
Usage: docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
Remove one or more containers
-f, --force Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
–help Print usage
-l, --link Remove the specified link
-v, --volumes Remove the volumes associated with the container
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi --help
Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE…]
Remove one or more images
-f, --force Force removal of the image
–help Print usage
–no-prune Do not delete untagged parents
删除停止的容器
docker rm $(docker ps --all -q -f status=exited)
删除没有使用的镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images | grep “” | awk “{print $3}”)
批量删除容器
docker ps -a | awk ‘{print $1}’ | xargs docker rm
批量删除镜像
docker images | awk ‘{print $3}’ | xargs docker rmi
持久化容器与镜像
1.通过容器生成新的镜像
运行中的镜像称为容器。你可以修改容器（比如删除一个文件），但这些修改不会影响到镜像。不过，你使用docker commit 命令可以把一个正在运行的容器变成一个新的镜像。
docker commit [repo:tag] 将一个container固化为一个新的image，后面的repo:tag可选。
2.持久化容器
docker export用于持久化容器。
[root@localhost /]# docker export --help
Usage: docker export [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Export a container’s filesystem as a tar archive
–help Print usage
-o, --output Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
[root@localhost /]# docker export container.tar
======================================================================
docker save用于持久化镜像：
[root@localhost /]# docker save --help
Usage: docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE…]
Save an image(s) to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
–help Print usage
-o, --output Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
[root@localhost /]# docker save image.tar
============================================================================
使用docker import，docker load导入镜像容器：
[root@localhost /]# docker import --help
Usage: docker import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
-c, --change=[] Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
–help Print usage
-m, --message Set commit message for imported image
[root@localhost /]# docker load --help
Usage: docker load [OPTIONS]
Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
–help Print usage
-i, --input Read from a tar archive file, instead of STDIN
5.对镜像打tag
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos 7.2.1511 686672a1d0cc 5 weeks ago 194.6 MB
[root@localhost /]# docker tag 686672a1d0cc centos:base
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos base 686672a1d0cc 5 weeks ago 194.6 MB
docker.io/centos 7.2.1511 686672a1d0cc 5 weeks ago 194.6 MB
===========================================================================================
导出后再导入(export-import)的镜像会丢失所有的历史，而保存后再加载（save-load）的镜像没有丢失历史和层(layer)。这意味着使用导出后再导入的方式，你将无法回滚到之前的层(layer)，同时，使用保存后再加载的方式持久化整个镜像，就可以做到层回滚。（可以执行docker tag 来回滚之前的层）。
docker logs $CONTAINER_ID #查看docker实例运行日志，确保正常运行
docker inspect $CONTAINER_ID #docker inspect <image|container> 查看image或container的底层信息
docker build 寻找path路径下名为的Dockerfile的配置文件，使用此配置生成新的image
docker build -t repo[:tag] 同上，可以指定repo和可选的tag
docker build - < 使用指定的dockerfile配置文件，docker以stdin方式获取内容，使用此配置生成新的image
docker port 查看本地哪个端口映射到container的指定端口，其实用docker ps 也可以看到。
=============================================================================
Docker实际上把所有东西都放到/var/lib/docker路径下了。
至此一个简单干净的docker环境搭建完毕。
docker images //查看本地镜像
docker ps -a //查看所有容器
docker ps //查看当前有哪些容器正在运行
docker rmi 镜像名称/镜像ID 删除镜像
docker rm 容器名称/容器ID 删除容器（删除前必须先停止容器的运行）
docker start 容器名称/容器ID 启动一个容器
docker restart 容器名称/容器ID 重启一个容器
docker stop 容器名称/容器ID 停止一个在运行的容器
docker run -d -p 8081:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat 利用镜像创建一个容器
-d: 在后台运行
-p:映射端口号 这里将tomcat01的端口8080映射到宿主机的8081端口
–name: 为容器取名字
tomcat: 本地镜像仓库的镜像
ctrl+d 退出容器且关闭,