Linux安装cx_Oracles
环境背景
系统：CentOS6.8
python：Python 2.7.13 |Anaconda 4.3.1 (64-bit)
cx_Oracle模块：5.0.4
Oracle：11.2.0.1.0
Oracle客户端：11.2.0.1.0
1、下载
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linuxx86-64soft-092277.html
从 下载链接 下载下面两个文件
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oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.zip instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.1.0.zip#注这里要根据连接数据库的版本来定，安装的客户端一定要选择基础版本，不要选instantclient11.2-basiclite |
解压这两个文件到/opt/instantclient_11_2目录下
2、设置环境变量
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# vim /etc/profile #文件尾部添加export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/instantclient_11_2/
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME
# source /etc/profile |
3、安装cx_Oracle
安装cx_Oracle之前需要先建立一个链接libclntsh.so，如下：
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cd /opt/instantclient_11_2/
ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so
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下载cx_Oracle
https://sourceforge.net/projects/cx-oracle/files/5.0.4/
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# tar -xf cx_Oracle-5.0.4.tar.gz# cd cx_Oracle-5.0.4# python setup.py install |
测试：
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>>> import cx_Oracle
/root/.pyenv/versions/anaconda2-4.3.1/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle-5.0.4-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/cx_Oracle.py:3: UserWarning: Module cx_Oracle was already imported from /root/.pyenv/versions/anaconda2-4.3.1/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle-5.0.4-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/cx_Oracle.pyc, but /opt/cx_Oracle-5.0.4 is being added to sys.path
>>>>>> print cx_Oracle.version5.0.4 |
4、测试数据库连接
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>>> import cx_Oracle as cx
>>> db=cx.connect('finchina/123456@192.168.1.236/orcl')
>>> print db.version11.2.0.1.0>>> db.close() |
FAQ整理：
问题1： conn0=cx.connect('finchina/123456@192.168.1.236:1521/orcl')
cx_Oracle.InterfaceError: Unable to acquire Oracle environment handle
解决方案：这里要保证你安装的instantclient和需要连接的数据库版本一致。下载
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oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.zip instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.1.0.zipwindows出现这个问题复制 client下所有的.dll文件到python安装包site_pageages目录中即可 |
然后按照上文进行配置就即可。
问题2： conn0=cx.connect('finchina/123456@192.168.1.236:1521/orcl')
cx_Oracle.DatabaseError: ORA-28547: connection to server failed, probable Oracle Net admin error
解决方案：
重新安装 cx_Oracle5.0.4
重装安装 instantclient11.2-basic
下面选段来自Oracle客户端下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linuxx86-64soft-092277.html
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Instant Client Package - Basic: All files required to run OCI, OCCI, and JDBC-OCI applications#注释：即时客户端软件包 - 基本：运行OCI，OCCI和JDBC-OCI应用程序所需的所有文件oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.zip (48,338,185 bytes) (cksum - 15985569)oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm (47,811,007 bytes) (cksum - 4244105838)Instant Client Package - Basic Light: Smaller version of the Basic, with only English error messages and Unicode, ASCII, and Western European character set support
#注释：即时客户端软件包 - 基本轻量：较小版本的Basic，只有英文错误消息和Unicode，ASCII和西欧字符集支持，阿西吧！，原来是字符集问题oracle-instantclient11.2-basiclite-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.zip (20,825,489 bytes) (cksum - 133027975)oracle-instantclient11.2-basiclite-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm (20,649,392 bytes) (cksum - 1121446971) |
总结：
问题很严重，遇到问题，胡乱百度，无思路的Google，反而拖慢解决问题的节奏。希望这次之后，遇到任何问题都能：理清思路，将问题拆分，然后逐个击破
问题3：ImportError: libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决方案：
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cd /opt/instantclient_11_2
ln -sv libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so
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