react源码解析15.scheduler&Lane
## react源码解析15.scheduler&Lane
#### 视频课程(高效学习):[进入课程](https://xiaochen1024.com/series/60b1b600712e370039088e24/60b1b636712e370039088e25)
#### 课程目录:
[1.开篇介绍和面试题](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b311cf10a4003b634719)
[2.react的设计理念](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b31ccf10a4003b63471a)
[3.react源码架构](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b328cf10a4003b63471b)
[4.源码目录结构和调试](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b32ecf10a4003b63471c)
[5.jsx&核心api](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b334cf10a4003b63471d)
[6.legacy和concurrent模式入口函数](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b33acf10a4003b63471e)
[7.Fiber架构](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b340cf10a4003b63471f)
[8.render阶段](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b348cf10a4003b634720)
[9.diff算法](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b354cf10a4003b634721)
[10.commit阶段](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b360cf10a4003b634722)
[11.生命周期](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b367cf10a4003b634723)
[12.状态更新流程](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b36ecf10a4003b634724)
[13.hooks源码](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b374cf10a4003b634725)
[14.手写hooks](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b37acf10a4003b634726)
[15.scheduler&Lane](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b556cf10a4003b634727)
[16.concurrent模式](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b55ccf10a4003b634728)
[17.context](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b564cf10a4003b634729)
[18事件系统](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b56ccf10a4003b63472a)
[19.手写迷你版react](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b57bcf10a4003b63472b)
[20.总结&第一章的面试题解答](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b581cf10a4003b63472c)
[21.demo](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b587cf10a4003b63472d)
当我们在类似下面的搜索框组件进行搜索时会发现,组件分为搜索部分和搜索结果展示列表,我们期望输入框能立刻响应,结果列表可以有等待的时间,如果结果列表数据量很大,在进行渲染的时候,我们又输入了一些文字,因为用户输入事件的优先级是很高的,所以就要停止结果列表的渲染,这就引出了不同任务之间的优先级和调度
![react源码15.5](https://www.icode9.com/i/ll/?i=img_convert/bb8fe6f2e88683f2cbe6cbf0688773bf.png)
#### Scheduler
我们知道如果我们的应用占用较长的js执行时间,比如超过了设备一帧的时间,那么设备的绘制就会出不的现象。
Scheduler主要的功能是时间切片和调度优先级,react在对比差异的时候会占用一定的js执行时间,Scheduler内部借助MessageChannel实现了在浏览器绘制之前指定一个时间片,如果react在指定时间内没对比完,Scheduler就会强制交出执行权给浏览器
![react源码15.3](https://www.icode9.com/i/ll/?i=img_convert/567b785fe606a6a2f2dda1c8680bf9ad.png)
#### 时间切片
在浏览器的一帧中js的执行时间如下
![react源码15.1](https://www.icode9.com/i/ll/?i=img_convert/5de99c95cccd998fcbd98a3283b4221e.png)
requestIdleCallback是在浏览器重绘重排之后,如果还有空闲就可以执行的时机,所以为了不影响重绘重排,可以在浏览器在requestIdleCallback中执行耗性能的计算,但是由于requestIdleCallback存在兼容和触发时机不稳定的问题,scheduler中采用MessageChannel来实现requestIdleCallback,当前环境不支持MessageChannel就采用setTimeout。
在之前的介绍中我们知道在performUnitOfWork之后会执行render阶段和commit阶段,如果在浏览器的一帧中,cup的计算还没完成,就会让出js执行权给浏览器,这个判断在workLoopConcurrent函数中,shouldYield就是用来判断剩余的时间有没有用尽。在源码中每个时间片时5ms,这个值会根据设备的fps调整。
```js
function workLoopConcurrent() {
while (workInProgress !== null && !shouldYield()) {
performUnitOfWork(workInProgress);
}
}
```
```js
function forceFrameRate(fps) {//计算时间片
if (fps < 0 || fps > 125) {
console['error'](
'forceFrameRate takes a positive int between 0 and 125, ' +
'forcing frame rates higher than 125 fps is not supported',
);
return;
}
if (fps > 0) {
yieldInterval = Math.floor(1000 / fps);
} else {
yieldInterval = 5;//时间片默认5ms
}
}
```
#### 任务的暂停
在shouldYield函数中有一段,所以可以知道,如果当前时间大于任务开始的时间+yieldInterval,就打断了任务的进行。
```js
//deadline = currentTime + yieldInterval,deadline是在performWorkUntilDeadline函数中计算出来的
if (currentTime >= deadline) {
//...
return true
}
```
#### 调度优先级
在Scheduler中有两个函数可以创建具有优先级的任务
- runWithPriority:以一个优先级执行callback,如果是同步的任务,优先级就是ImmediateSchedulerPriority
```js
function unstable_runWithPriority(priorityLevel, eventHandler) {
switch (priorityLevel) {//5种优先级
case ImmediatePriority:
case UserBlockingPriority:
case NormalPriority:
case LowPriority:
case IdlePriority:
break;
default:
priorityLevel = NormalPriority;
}
var previousPriorityLevel = currentPriorityLevel;//保存当前的优先级
currentPriorityLevel = priorityLevel;//priorityLevel赋值给currentPriorityLevel
try {
return eventHandler();//回调函数
} finally {
currentPriorityLevel = previousPriorityLevel;//还原之前的优先级
}
}
```
- scheduleCallback:以一个优先级注册callback,在适当的时机执行,因为涉及过期时间的计算,所以scheduleCallback比runWithPriority的粒度更细。
- 在scheduleCallback中优先级意味着过期时间,优先级越高priorityLevel就越小,过期时间离当前时间就越近,`var expirationTime = startTime + timeout;`例如IMMEDIATE_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT=-1,那`var expirationTime = startTime + (-1);`就小于当前时间了,所以要立即执行。
- scheduleCallback调度的过程用到了小顶堆,所以我们可以在O(1)的复杂度找到优先级最高的task,不了解可以查阅资料,在源码中小顶堆存放着任务,每次peek都能取到离过期时间最近的task。
- scheduleCallback中,未过期任务task存放在timerQueue中,过期任务存放在taskQueue中。
新建newTask任务之后,判断newTask是否过期,没过期就加入timerQueue中,如果此时taskQueue中还没有过期任务,timerQueue中离过期时间最近的task正好是newTask,则设置个定时器,到了过期时间就加入taskQueue中。
当timerQueue中有任务,就取出最早过期的任务执行。
```js
function unstable_scheduleCallback(priorityLevel, callback, options) {
var currentTime = getCurrentTime();
var startTime;//开始时间
if (typeof options === 'object' && options !== null) {
var delay = options.delay;
if (typeof delay === 'number' && delay > 0) {
startTime = currentTime + delay;
} else {
startTime = currentTime;
}
} else {
startTime = currentTime;
}
var timeout;
switch (priorityLevel) {
case ImmediatePriority://优先级越高timeout越小
timeout = IMMEDIATE_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT;//-1
break;
case UserBlockingPriority:
timeout = USER_BLOCKING_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT;//250
break;
case IdlePriority:
timeout = IDLE_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT;
break;
case LowPriority:
timeout = LOW_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT;
break;
case NormalPriority:
default:
timeout = NORMAL_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT;
break;
}
var expirationTime = startTime + timeout;//优先级越高 过期时间越小
var newTask = {//新建task
id: taskIdCounter++,
callback//回调函数
priorityLevel,
startTime,//开始时间
expirationTime,//过期时间
sortIndex: -1,
};
if (enableProfiling) {
newTask.isQueued = false;
}
if (startTime > currentTime) {//没有过期
newTask.sortIndex = startTime;
push(timerQueue, newTask);//加入timerQueue
//taskQueue中还没有过期任务,timerQueue中离过期时间最近的task正好是newTask
if (peek(taskQueue) === null && newTask === peek(timerQueue)) {
if (isHostTimeoutScheduled) {
cancelHostTimeout();
} else {
isHostTimeoutScheduled = true;
}
//定时器,到了过期时间就加入taskQueue中
requestHostTimeout(handleTimeout, startTime - currentTime);
}
} else {
newTask.sortIndex = expirationTime;
push(taskQueue, newTask);//加入taskQueue
if (enableProfiling) {
markTaskStart(newTask, currentTime);
newTask.isQueued = true;
}
if (!isHostCallbackScheduled && !isPerformingWork) {
isHostCallbackScheduled = true;
requestHostCallback(flushWork);//执行过期的任务
}
}
return newTask;
}
```
![react源码15.2](https://www.icode9.com/i/ll/?i=img_convert/2a6e98e2729cfe16c389d463cb456086.png)
#### 任务暂停之后怎么继续
在workLoop函数中有这样一段
```js
const continuationCallback = callback(didUserCallbackTimeout);//callback就是调度的callback
currentTime = getCurrentTime();
if (typeof continuationCallback === 'function') {//判断callback执行之后的返回值类型
currentTask.callback = continuationCallback;//如果是function类型就把又赋值给currentTask.callback
markTaskYield(currentTask, currentTime);
} else {
if (enableProfiling) {
markTaskCompleted(currentTask, currentTime);
currentTask.isQueued = false;
}
if (currentTask === peek(taskQueue)) {
pop(taskQueue);//如果是function类型就从taskQueue中删除
}
}
advanceTimers(currentTime);
```
在performConcurrentWorkOnRoot函数的结尾有这样一个判断,如果callbackNode等于originalCallbackNode那就恢复任务的执行
```js
if (root.callbackNode === originalCallbackNode) {
// The task node scheduled for this root is the same one that's
// currently executed. Need to return a continuation.
return performConcurrentWorkOnRoot.bind(null, root);
}
```
### Lane
Lane的和Scheduler是两套优先级机制,相比来说Lane的优先级粒度更细,Lane的意思是车道,类似赛车一样,在task获取优先级时,总是会优先抢内圈的赛道,Lane表示的优先级有以下几个特点。
- 可以表示不同批次的优先级
从代码中中可以看到,每个优先级都是个31位二进制数字,1表示该位置可以用,0代表这个位置不能用,从第一个优先级NoLanes到OffscreenLane优先级是降低的,优先级越低1的个数也就越多(赛车比赛外圈的车越多),也就是说含多个1的优先级就是同一个批次。
```js
export const NoLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000000000;
export const NoLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000000000;
export const SyncLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000000001;
export const SyncBatchedLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000000010;
export const InputDiscreteHydrationLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000000100;
const InputDiscreteLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000011000;
const InputContinuousHydrationLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000100000;
const InputContinuousLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000011000000;
export const DefaultHydrationLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000100000000;
export const DefaultLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000111000000000;
const TransitionHydrationLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000001000000000000;
const TransitionLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000000001111111110000000000000;
const RetryLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000011110000000000000000000000;
export const SomeRetryLane: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000010000000000000000000000000;
export const SelectiveHydrationLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000100000000000000000000000000;
const NonIdleLanes = /* */ 0b0000111111111111111111111111111;
export const IdleHydrationLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0001000000000000000000000000000;
const IdleLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0110000000000000000000000000000;
export const OffscreenLane: Lane = /* */ 0b1000000000000000000000000000000;
```
- 优先级的计算的性能高
例如,可以通过二进制按位与来判断a和b代表的lane是否存在交集
```js
export function includesSomeLane(a: Lanes | Lane, b: Lanes | Lane) {
return (a & b) !== NoLanes;
}
```
#### Lane模型中task是怎么获取优先级的(赛车的初始赛道)
任务获取赛道的方式是从高优先级的lanes开始的,这个过程发生在findUpdateLane函数中,如果高优先级没有可用的lane了就下降到优先级低的lanes中寻找,其中pickArbitraryLane会调用getHighestPriorityLane获取一批lanes中优先级最高的那一位,也就是通过`lanes & -lanes`获取最右边的一位
```js
export function findUpdateLane(
lanePriority: LanePriority,
wipLanes: Lanes,
): Lane {
switch (lanePriority) {
//...
case DefaultLanePriority: {
let lane = pickArbitraryLane(DefaultLanes & ~wipLanes);//找到下一个优先级最高的lane
if (lane === NoLane) {//上一个level的lane都占满了下降到TransitionLanes继续寻找可用的赛道
lane = pickArbitraryLane(TransitionLanes & ~wipLanes);
if (lane === NoLane) {//TransitionLanes也满了
lane = pickArbitraryLane(DefaultLanes);//从DefaultLanes开始找
}
}
return lane;
}
}
}
```
#### Lane模型中高优先级是怎么插队的(赛车抢赛道)
在Lane模型中如果一个低优先级的任务执行,并且还在调度的时候触发了一个高优先级的任务,则高优先级的任务打断低优先级任务,此时应该先取消低优先级的任务,因为此时低优先级的任务可能已经进行了一段时间,Fiber树已经构建了一部分,所以需要将Fiber树还原,这个过程发生在函数prepareFreshStack中,在这个函数中会初始化已经构建的Fiber树
```js
function ensureRootIsScheduled(root: FiberRoot, currentTime: number) {
const existingCallbackNode = root.callbackNode;//之前已经调用过的setState的回调
//...
if (existingCallbackNode !== null) {
const existingCallbackPriority = root.callbackPriority;
//新的setState的回调和之前setState的回调优先级相等 则进入batchedUpdate的逻辑
if (existingCallbackPriority === newCallbackPriority) {
return;
}
//两个回调优先级不一致,则被高优先级任务打断,先取消当前低优先级的任务
cancelCallback(existingCallbackNode);
}
//调度render阶段的起点
newCallbackNode = scheduleCallback(
schedulerPriorityLevel,
performConcurrentWorkOnRoot.bind(null, root),
);
//...
}
```
```js
function prepareFreshStack(root: FiberRoot, lanes: Lanes) {
root.finishedWork = null;
root.finishedLanes = NoLanes;
//...
//workInProgre***oot等变量重新赋值和初始化
workInProgre***oot = root;
workInProgress = createWorkInProgress(root.current, null);
workInProgre***ootRenderLanes = subtreeRenderLanes = workInProgre***ootIncludedLanes = lanes;
workInProgre***ootExitStatus = RootIncomplete;
workInProgre***ootFatalError = null;
workInProgre***ootSkippedLanes = NoLanes;
workInProgre***ootUpdatedLanes = NoLanes;
workInProgre***ootPingedLanes = NoLanes;
//...
}
```
#### Lane模型中怎么解决饥饿问题(最后一名赛车最后也要到达终点啊)
在调度优先级的过程中,会调用markStarvedLanesAsExpired遍历pendingLanes(未执行的任务包含的lane),如果没过期时间就计算一个过期时间,如果过期了就加入root.expiredLanes中,然后在下次调用getNextLane函数的时候会优先返回expiredLanes
```js
export function markStarvedLanesAsExpired(
root: FiberRoot,
currentTime: number,
): void {
const pendingLanes = root.pendingLanes;
const suspendedLanes = root.suspendedLanes;
const pingedLanes = root.pingedLanes;
const expirationTimes = root.expirationTimes;
let lanes = pendingLanes;
while (lanes > 0) {//遍历lanes
const index = pickArbitraryLaneIndex(lanes);
const lane = 1 << index;
const expirationTime = expirationTimes[index];
if (expirationTime === NoTimestamp) {
if (
(lane & suspendedLanes) === NoLanes ||
(lane & pingedLanes) !== NoLanes
) {
expirationTimes[index] = computeExpirationTime(lane, currentTime);//计算过期时间
}
} else if (expirationTime <= currentTime) {//过期了
root.expiredLanes |= lane;//在expiredLanes加入当前遍历到的lane
}
lanes &= ~lane;
}
}
```
```js
export function getNextLanes(root: FiberRoot, wipLanes: Lanes): Lanes {
//...
if (expiredLanes !== NoLanes) {
nextLanes = expiredLanes;
nextLanePriority = return_highestLanePriority = SyncLanePriority;//优先返回过期的lane
} else {
//...
}
return nextLanes;
}
```
下图更直观,随之时间的推移,低优先级的任务被插队,最后也会变成高优先级的任务
![react源码15.4](https://www.icode9.com/i/ll/?i=img_convert/2d377e1390f780d4e8166b354723113a.png)