react源码解析15.scheduler&Lane

## react源码解析15.scheduler&Lane #### 视频课程(高效学习):[进入课程](https://xiaochen1024.com/series/60b1b600712e370039088e24/60b1b636712e370039088e25) #### 课程目录: [1.开篇介绍和面试题](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b311cf10a4003b634719) [2.react的设计理念](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b31ccf10a4003b63471a) [3.react源码架构](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b328cf10a4003b63471b) [4.源码目录结构和调试](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b32ecf10a4003b63471c) [5.jsx&核心api](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b334cf10a4003b63471d) [6.legacy和concurrent模式入口函数](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b33acf10a4003b63471e) [7.Fiber架构](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b340cf10a4003b63471f) [8.render阶段](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b348cf10a4003b634720) [9.diff算法](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b354cf10a4003b634721) [10.commit阶段](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b360cf10a4003b634722) [11.生命周期](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b367cf10a4003b634723) [12.状态更新流程](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b36ecf10a4003b634724) [13.hooks源码](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b374cf10a4003b634725) [14.手写hooks](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b37acf10a4003b634726) [15.scheduler&Lane](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b556cf10a4003b634727) [16.concurrent模式](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b55ccf10a4003b634728) [17.context](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b564cf10a4003b634729) [18事件系统](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b56ccf10a4003b63472a) [19.手写迷你版react](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b57bcf10a4003b63472b) [20.总结&第一章的面试题解答](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b581cf10a4003b63472c) [21.demo](https://xiaochen1024.com/courseware/60b1b2f6cf10a4003b634718/60b1b587cf10a4003b63472d) 当我们在类似下面的搜索框组件进行搜索时会发现,组件分为搜索部分和搜索结果展示列表,我们期望输入框能立刻响应,结果列表可以有等待的时间,如果结果列表数据量很大,在进行渲染的时候,我们又输入了一些文字,因为用户输入事件的优先级是很高的,所以就要停止结果列表的渲染,这就引出了不同任务之间的优先级和调度 ![react源码15.5](https://www.icode9.com/i/ll/?i=img_convert/bb8fe6f2e88683f2cbe6cbf0688773bf.png) #### Scheduler 我们知道如果我们的应用占用较长的js执行时间,比如超过了设备一帧的时间,那么设备的绘制就会出不的现象。 Scheduler主要的功能是时间切片和调度优先级,react在对比差异的时候会占用一定的js执行时间,Scheduler内部借助MessageChannel实现了在浏览器绘制之前指定一个时间片,如果react在指定时间内没对比完,Scheduler就会强制交出执行权给浏览器 ![react源码15.3](https://www.icode9.com/i/ll/?i=img_convert/567b785fe606a6a2f2dda1c8680bf9ad.png) #### 时间切片 ​ 在浏览器的一帧中js的执行时间如下 ![react源码15.1](https://www.icode9.com/i/ll/?i=img_convert/5de99c95cccd998fcbd98a3283b4221e.png) ​ requestIdleCallback是在浏览器重绘重排之后,如果还有空闲就可以执行的时机,所以为了不影响重绘重排,可以在浏览器在requestIdleCallback中执行耗性能的计算,但是由于requestIdleCallback存在兼容和触发时机不稳定的问题,scheduler中采用MessageChannel来实现requestIdleCallback,当前环境不支持MessageChannel就采用setTimeout。 ​ 在之前的介绍中我们知道在performUnitOfWork之后会执行render阶段和commit阶段,如果在浏览器的一帧中,cup的计算还没完成,就会让出js执行权给浏览器,这个判断在workLoopConcurrent函数中,shouldYield就是用来判断剩余的时间有没有用尽。在源码中每个时间片时5ms,这个值会根据设备的fps调整。 ```js function workLoopConcurrent() { while (workInProgress !== null && !shouldYield()) { performUnitOfWork(workInProgress); } } ``` ```js function forceFrameRate(fps) {//计算时间片 if (fps < 0 || fps > 125) { console['error']( 'forceFrameRate takes a positive int between 0 and 125, ' + 'forcing frame rates higher than 125 fps is not supported', ); return; } if (fps > 0) { yieldInterval = Math.floor(1000 / fps); } else { yieldInterval = 5;//时间片默认5ms } } ``` #### 任务的暂停 在shouldYield函数中有一段,所以可以知道,如果当前时间大于任务开始的时间+yieldInterval,就打断了任务的进行。 ```js //deadline = currentTime + yieldInterval,deadline是在performWorkUntilDeadline函数中计算出来的 if (currentTime >= deadline) { //... return true } ``` #### 调度优先级 ​ 在Scheduler中有两个函数可以创建具有优先级的任务 - runWithPriority:以一个优先级执行callback,如果是同步的任务,优先级就是ImmediateSchedulerPriority ```js function unstable_runWithPriority(priorityLevel, eventHandler) { switch (priorityLevel) {//5种优先级 case ImmediatePriority: case UserBlockingPriority: case NormalPriority: case LowPriority: case IdlePriority: break; default: priorityLevel = NormalPriority; } var previousPriorityLevel = currentPriorityLevel;//保存当前的优先级 currentPriorityLevel = priorityLevel;//priorityLevel赋值给currentPriorityLevel try { return eventHandler();//回调函数 } finally { currentPriorityLevel = previousPriorityLevel;//还原之前的优先级 } } ``` - scheduleCallback:以一个优先级注册callback,在适当的时机执行,因为涉及过期时间的计算,所以scheduleCallback比runWithPriority的粒度更细。 - 在scheduleCallback中优先级意味着过期时间,优先级越高priorityLevel就越小,过期时间离当前时间就越近,`var expirationTime = startTime + timeout;`例如IMMEDIATE_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT=-1,那`var expirationTime = startTime + (-1);`就小于当前时间了,所以要立即执行。 - scheduleCallback调度的过程用到了小顶堆,所以我们可以在O(1)的复杂度找到优先级最高的task,不了解可以查阅资料,在源码中小顶堆存放着任务,每次peek都能取到离过期时间最近的task。 - scheduleCallback中,未过期任务task存放在timerQueue中,过期任务存放在taskQueue中。 ​ 新建newTask任务之后,判断newTask是否过期,没过期就加入timerQueue中,如果此时taskQueue中还没有过期任务,timerQueue中离过期时间最近的task正好是newTask,则设置个定时器,到了过期时间就加入taskQueue中。 ​ 当timerQueue中有任务,就取出最早过期的任务执行。 ```js function unstable_scheduleCallback(priorityLevel, callback, options) { var currentTime = getCurrentTime(); var startTime;//开始时间 if (typeof options === 'object' && options !== null) { var delay = options.delay; if (typeof delay === 'number' && delay > 0) { startTime = currentTime + delay; } else { startTime = currentTime; } } else { startTime = currentTime; } var timeout; switch (priorityLevel) { case ImmediatePriority://优先级越高timeout越小 timeout = IMMEDIATE_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT;//-1 break; case UserBlockingPriority: timeout = USER_BLOCKING_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT;//250 break; case IdlePriority: timeout = IDLE_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT; break; case LowPriority: timeout = LOW_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT; break; case NormalPriority: default: timeout = NORMAL_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT; break; } var expirationTime = startTime + timeout;//优先级越高 过期时间越小 var newTask = {//新建task id: taskIdCounter++, callback//回调函数 priorityLevel, startTime,//开始时间 expirationTime,//过期时间 sortIndex: -1, }; if (enableProfiling) { newTask.isQueued = false; } if (startTime > currentTime) {//没有过期 newTask.sortIndex = startTime; push(timerQueue, newTask);//加入timerQueue //taskQueue中还没有过期任务,timerQueue中离过期时间最近的task正好是newTask if (peek(taskQueue) === null && newTask === peek(timerQueue)) { if (isHostTimeoutScheduled) { cancelHostTimeout(); } else { isHostTimeoutScheduled = true; } //定时器,到了过期时间就加入taskQueue中 requestHostTimeout(handleTimeout, startTime - currentTime); } } else { newTask.sortIndex = expirationTime; push(taskQueue, newTask);//加入taskQueue if (enableProfiling) { markTaskStart(newTask, currentTime); newTask.isQueued = true; } if (!isHostCallbackScheduled && !isPerformingWork) { isHostCallbackScheduled = true; requestHostCallback(flushWork);//执行过期的任务 } } return newTask; } ``` ![react源码15.2](https://www.icode9.com/i/ll/?i=img_convert/2a6e98e2729cfe16c389d463cb456086.png) #### 任务暂停之后怎么继续 ​ 在workLoop函数中有这样一段 ```js const continuationCallback = callback(didUserCallbackTimeout);//callback就是调度的callback currentTime = getCurrentTime(); if (typeof continuationCallback === 'function') {//判断callback执行之后的返回值类型 currentTask.callback = continuationCallback;//如果是function类型就把又赋值给currentTask.callback markTaskYield(currentTask, currentTime); } else { if (enableProfiling) { markTaskCompleted(currentTask, currentTime); currentTask.isQueued = false; } if (currentTask === peek(taskQueue)) { pop(taskQueue);//如果是function类型就从taskQueue中删除 } } advanceTimers(currentTime); ``` ​ 在performConcurrentWorkOnRoot函数的结尾有这样一个判断,如果callbackNode等于originalCallbackNode那就恢复任务的执行 ```js if (root.callbackNode === originalCallbackNode) { // The task node scheduled for this root is the same one that's // currently executed. Need to return a continuation. return performConcurrentWorkOnRoot.bind(null, root); } ``` ### Lane ​ Lane的和Scheduler是两套优先级机制,相比来说Lane的优先级粒度更细,Lane的意思是车道,类似赛车一样,在task获取优先级时,总是会优先抢内圈的赛道,Lane表示的优先级有以下几个特点。 - 可以表示不同批次的优先级 ​ 从代码中中可以看到,每个优先级都是个31位二进制数字,1表示该位置可以用,0代表这个位置不能用,从第一个优先级NoLanes到OffscreenLane优先级是降低的,优先级越低1的个数也就越多(赛车比赛外圈的车越多),也就是说含多个1的优先级就是同一个批次。 ```js export const NoLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000000000; export const NoLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000000000; export const SyncLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000000001; export const SyncBatchedLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000000010; export const InputDiscreteHydrationLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000000100; const InputDiscreteLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000011000; const InputContinuousHydrationLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000000100000; const InputContinuousLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000011000000; export const DefaultHydrationLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000000100000000; export const DefaultLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000000000000000000111000000000; const TransitionHydrationLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000000000000000001000000000000; const TransitionLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000000001111111110000000000000; const RetryLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000011110000000000000000000000; export const SomeRetryLane: Lanes = /* */ 0b0000010000000000000000000000000; export const SelectiveHydrationLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0000100000000000000000000000000; const NonIdleLanes = /* */ 0b0000111111111111111111111111111; export const IdleHydrationLane: Lane = /* */ 0b0001000000000000000000000000000; const IdleLanes: Lanes = /* */ 0b0110000000000000000000000000000; export const OffscreenLane: Lane = /* */ 0b1000000000000000000000000000000; ``` - 优先级的计算的性能高 ​ 例如,可以通过二进制按位与来判断a和b代表的lane是否存在交集 ```js export function includesSomeLane(a: Lanes | Lane, b: Lanes | Lane) { return (a & b) !== NoLanes; } ``` #### Lane模型中task是怎么获取优先级的(赛车的初始赛道) ​ 任务获取赛道的方式是从高优先级的lanes开始的,这个过程发生在findUpdateLane函数中,如果高优先级没有可用的lane了就下降到优先级低的lanes中寻找,其中pickArbitraryLane会调用getHighestPriorityLane获取一批lanes中优先级最高的那一位,也就是通过`lanes & -lanes`获取最右边的一位 ```js export function findUpdateLane( lanePriority: LanePriority, wipLanes: Lanes, ): Lane { switch (lanePriority) { //... case DefaultLanePriority: { let lane = pickArbitraryLane(DefaultLanes & ~wipLanes);//找到下一个优先级最高的lane if (lane === NoLane) {//上一个level的lane都占满了下降到TransitionLanes继续寻找可用的赛道 lane = pickArbitraryLane(TransitionLanes & ~wipLanes); if (lane === NoLane) {//TransitionLanes也满了 lane = pickArbitraryLane(DefaultLanes);//从DefaultLanes开始找 } } return lane; } } } ``` #### Lane模型中高优先级是怎么插队的(赛车抢赛道) ​ 在Lane模型中如果一个低优先级的任务执行,并且还在调度的时候触发了一个高优先级的任务,则高优先级的任务打断低优先级任务,此时应该先取消低优先级的任务,因为此时低优先级的任务可能已经进行了一段时间,Fiber树已经构建了一部分,所以需要将Fiber树还原,这个过程发生在函数prepareFreshStack中,在这个函数中会初始化已经构建的Fiber树 ```js function ensureRootIsScheduled(root: FiberRoot, currentTime: number) { const existingCallbackNode = root.callbackNode;//之前已经调用过的setState的回调 //... if (existingCallbackNode !== null) { const existingCallbackPriority = root.callbackPriority; //新的setState的回调和之前setState的回调优先级相等 则进入batchedUpdate的逻辑 if (existingCallbackPriority === newCallbackPriority) { return; } //两个回调优先级不一致,则被高优先级任务打断,先取消当前低优先级的任务 cancelCallback(existingCallbackNode); } //调度render阶段的起点 newCallbackNode = scheduleCallback( schedulerPriorityLevel, performConcurrentWorkOnRoot.bind(null, root), ); //... } ``` ​ ```js function prepareFreshStack(root: FiberRoot, lanes: Lanes) { root.finishedWork = null; root.finishedLanes = NoLanes; //... //workInProgre***oot等变量重新赋值和初始化 workInProgre***oot = root; workInProgress = createWorkInProgress(root.current, null); workInProgre***ootRenderLanes = subtreeRenderLanes = workInProgre***ootIncludedLanes = lanes; workInProgre***ootExitStatus = RootIncomplete; workInProgre***ootFatalError = null; workInProgre***ootSkippedLanes = NoLanes; workInProgre***ootUpdatedLanes = NoLanes; workInProgre***ootPingedLanes = NoLanes; //... } ``` #### Lane模型中怎么解决饥饿问题(最后一名赛车最后也要到达终点啊) ​ 在调度优先级的过程中,会调用markStarvedLanesAsExpired遍历pendingLanes(未执行的任务包含的lane),如果没过期时间就计算一个过期时间,如果过期了就加入root.expiredLanes中,然后在下次调用getNextLane函数的时候会优先返回expiredLanes ```js export function markStarvedLanesAsExpired( root: FiberRoot, currentTime: number, ): void { const pendingLanes = root.pendingLanes; const suspendedLanes = root.suspendedLanes; const pingedLanes = root.pingedLanes; const expirationTimes = root.expirationTimes; let lanes = pendingLanes; while (lanes > 0) {//遍历lanes const index = pickArbitraryLaneIndex(lanes); const lane = 1 << index; const expirationTime = expirationTimes[index]; if (expirationTime === NoTimestamp) { if ( (lane & suspendedLanes) === NoLanes || (lane & pingedLanes) !== NoLanes ) { expirationTimes[index] = computeExpirationTime(lane, currentTime);//计算过期时间 } } else if (expirationTime <= currentTime) {//过期了 root.expiredLanes |= lane;//在expiredLanes加入当前遍历到的lane } lanes &= ~lane; } } ``` ​ ```js export function getNextLanes(root: FiberRoot, wipLanes: Lanes): Lanes { //... if (expiredLanes !== NoLanes) { nextLanes = expiredLanes; nextLanePriority = return_highestLanePriority = SyncLanePriority;//优先返回过期的lane } else { //... } return nextLanes; } ``` ​ 下图更直观,随之时间的推移,低优先级的任务被插队,最后也会变成高优先级的任务 ![react源码15.4](https://www.icode9.com/i/ll/?i=img_convert/2d377e1390f780d4e8166b354723113a.png)
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