一.应用场景

在项目开发过程中，我们可能会用到xml文件和txt文档以及其他类型的文件来保存项目中涉及到的角色信息、敌人信息、用户登录信息等等。
以下用一个小例子总结一下在Unity中读取xml和txt文件。

二.读取和保存xml

1.读取和保存xml,XMLManager类中的两个方法都能用来读取xml文件。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Xml;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
public class XMLManager   
{
    static XMLManager instance;
    private XMLManager()
    {

    }

    public static XMLManager Instance
    {
        get
        {
            if (instance == null)
                instance = new XMLManager();
            return instance;
        }
    }

    public List<XMLPlayer> playerDataList = new List<XMLPlayer>(); //存放xml解析的数据
    public XMLPlayerData playerData;
    /// <summary>
    /// 第一种加载方法
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="path">xml文件路径</param>
    public void LoadDataFromXML(string path)
    {
        XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();
        xmlDocument.Load(path);
        XmlNodeList xmlNodeList = xmlDocument.SelectNodes("//Player");
        foreach(XmlNode node in xmlNodeList)
        {
            XMLPlayer player = new XMLPlayer();
            player.id = int.Parse(node.SelectSingleNode("id").InnerText);
            player.name = node.SelectSingleNode("name").InnerText;
            player.attack = int.Parse(node.SelectSingleNode("attack").InnerText);
            playerDataList.Add(player);
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 第二种加载方法
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="path">xml文件路径</param>
    public void LoadDataFromXml2(string path)
    {
        FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open);
        XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(XMLPlayerData));
        playerData = xmlSerializer.Deserialize(fileStream) as XMLPlayerData; //将xml数据反序列化
        fileStream.Close();
    }
    //保存XMl文件
    public void SaveXml(string path)
    {
        FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
        XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(XMLPlayerData));
        xmlSerializer.Serialize(fileStream, playerData); //将数据序列化成xml数据
        fileStream.Close();
    }
}

下面是代码中用到的XMLPlayer、XMLPlayer2、XMLPlayerData三个类。

public class XMLPlayer
{
    public int id;
    public string name;
    public int attack;

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return "id:" + id + "    name:" + name + "    attack:" + attack;
    }
}

public class XMLPlayer2
{
    [XmlAttribute(AttributeName = "id")]
    public int id;

    [XmlAttribute(AttributeName ="name")]
    public string name;

    [XmlAttribute(AttributeName = "attack")]
    public int attack;
    //重写ToString()方法
    public override string ToString()
    {
        return "id:" + id + "    name:" + name + "    attack:" + attack;
    }
}


[XmlRoot("Players")]
public class XMLPlayerData
{
    [XmlElement("player")]
    public List<XMLPlayer2> playerDataList = new List<XMLPlayer2>();
}

在使用第二种读取方法时要注意下面的几点下面是xml文件中的内容

下面写一个测试类来测试一下是否正确读取，此处用按键A来调用保存功能

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class XMLTest : MonoBehaviour
{
    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        //XMLManager.Instance.LoadDataFromXML(Application.streamingAssetsPath + "/PlayerXml.xml");
        XMLManager.Instance.LoadDataFromXml2(Application.streamingAssetsPath + "/PlayerXml2.xml");
        for (int i = 0; i < XMLManager.Instance.playerData.playerDataList.Count; i++)
        {
            Debug.Log(XMLManager.Instance.playerData.playerDataList[i]);
        }
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        if(Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.A))
        {
            XMLManager.Instance.SaveXml(Application.streamingAssetsPath + "/SavaXmlTest.xml");
            Debug.Log("保存成功！");
        }
    }
}

运行时我们在Console控制台中看到如下效果，可以说明读取和保存是没有问题的

三.读取txt文档

下面是TXTManager类中的内容

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.IO;

public class TXTManager
{
    static TXTManager instance;
    private TXTManager()
    {

    }

    public static TXTManager Instance
    {
        get
        {
            if (instance == null)
                instance = new TXTManager();
            return instance;
        }
    }

    public List<TXTPlayer> playerDataList = new List<TXTPlayer>(); 
    public void LoadDataFromTxt(string path)
    {
        FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open);
        StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(fileStream);
        string content = sr.ReadToEnd();
        GetDataFromTxt(content);
        //关闭文件流
        sr.Close();
        fileStream.Close();
    }

    void GetDataFromTxt(string content)
    {
        string[] rows = content.Split('\r'); //内容分行
        string[] title = rows[0].Split(','); //标题行
        for (int i = 1; i < rows.Length; i++)
        {
            string[] curRow = rows[i].Split(',');
            TXTPlayer player = new TXTPlayer();
            for (int j = 0; j < curRow.Length; j++)
            {
                switch (title[j])
                {
                    case "id":
                        player.id = int.Parse(curRow[j]);
                        break;
                    case "name":
                        player.name = curRow[j];
                        break;
                    case "hp":
                        player.hp = int.Parse(curRow[j]);
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }

            }
            playerDataList.Add(player);
        }

    }

}

public class TXTPlayer
{
    public int id;
    public string name;
    public int hp;

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return "id:" + id + "    name:" + name + "    hp:" + hp;
    }
}

写一个测试类来测试能否正确读取

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class TXTTest : MonoBehaviour
{
    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        TXTManager.Instance.LoadDataFromTxt(Application.streamingAssetsPath + "/Player.txt");
        for (int i = 0; i < TXTManager.Instance.playerDataList.Count; i++)
        {
            Debug.Log(TXTManager.Instance.playerDataList[i]);
        }
    }
}

以下是txt文本中的内容和我们读取的结果，可以清晰的看到，读取的结果和文本中的内容是一致的

四.总结

以上测试时测试脚本挂在了主相机身上，当然，挂在谁身上不重要。用于测试的文本放在了特殊文件夹StreamingAssets下面，当然，放在哪里也不重要，路径对了就可以。