BEncoding的编码与解码
1. BEncoding规则
BEncoding是BitTorrent用在传输数据结构的编码方式,我们最熟悉的“种子”文件,它里面的元数据就是 BEncoding 过的字典表。虽然比用纯二进制编码效率低,但由于结构简单而且不受字节存储顺序影响(所有数字以十进制编码,不存在大端小端的问题)——这对于跨平台性非常重要。而且具有较好的灵活性,即使存在故障的字典键,只要将其忽略并更换新的就能兼容补充,更多介绍见*。
这种编码方式支持四种类型的数据:string, int, Dictionary<string, object>, List<object>,各自的编码规则如下:
1.1 string类型
string类型的编码格式为[length]:[string]。以字符串的长度开头,加一个冒号,并以字符串内容结束。示例:
"abc" => 3:abc
1.2 int类型
int类型的编码格式为i[int]e。以i开头,加上数字,以e结尾。 示例:
123 => i123e
1.3 List<object>类型
List<object>类型的编码格式为l[object]e。以l开头,加上列表中各个元素的编码(元素的类型同样为BEncoding支持的类型),以e结尾。 示例:
List<"abc", 123> => l3:abci123ee
1.4 Dictionary<string, object>类型
Dictionary<string, object>类型的编码格式为d[Key-Value Pair]e。以d开头,加上字典中每个键值对的编码,以e结尾。示例:
Dictionary<{"name":"create chen"},{"age":23}> => d4:name11:create chen3:agei23ee
感兴趣的朋友可以自己写着玩玩
2. BEncoding编码
2.1 代码:
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public static string Encode( object obj)
{ var sb = new StringBuilder();
if (obj is Dictionary< string , object >)
{
var parseObj = obj as Dictionary< string , object >;
sb.Append( "d" );
foreach (var o in parseObj)
{
sb.AppendFormat( "{0}:{1}{2}" , o.Key.Length,o.Key, Encode(o.Value));
}
sb.Append( "e" );
}
if ((obj as int ?) != null )
{
var parseObj = ( int ) obj;
sb.AppendFormat( "i{0}e" , parseObj);
}
if (obj is List< object >)
{
var parseObj = obj as List< object >;
sb.Append( "l" );
foreach (var o in parseObj)
{
sb.Append(Encode(o));
}
sb.Append( "e" );
}
if (obj is string )
{
var parseObj = obj as string ;
sb.AppendFormat( "{0}:{1}" , parseObj.Length, parseObj);
}
return sb.ToString();
} |
2.2 测试对象:
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var obj = new Dictionary< string , Object>
{
{ "nick" , "Create Chen" },
{ "age" , 23},
{ "hobbies" , new List< object > { "Coding" , "Basketball" }}
};
|
2.3 输出:
d4:nick11:Create Chen3:agei23e4:blog33:http://www.cnblogs.com/technology7:hobbiesl6:Coding10:Basketballee
3. BEncoding解码
3.1 代码:
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public static object Decode( string s)
{ return DecodeObject(s, ref _index, EncodeState.Value);
} private enum EncodeState
{ Key,
Value
} private static int _index;
private static object DecodeObject( string str, ref int index, EncodeState state)
{ var obj = new Dictionary< string , object >();
var c = str[index];
while (c != 'e' )
{
if (c == 'd' ) //字典类型
{
index++;
return DecodeObject(str, ref index,EncodeState.Key);
}
if (c == 'i' ) //数字类型
{
var value = "" ;
index++; c = str[index];
while (c != 'e' )
{
value += c.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
index++;
c = str[index];
}
return Convert.ToInt32(value);
}
if (c == 'l' ) //列表类型
{
index++;
var value = new List< object >();
while (str[index]!= 'e' )
{
value.Add(DecodeObject(str, ref index, EncodeState.Value));
index++;
}
return value;
}
if ( '0' < c && c <= '9' ) //字符串类型
{
string strLength = "" ;
while (c != ':' )
{
strLength += c.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
c = str[++index];
}
var length = Convert.ToInt32(strLength);
var strContent = "" ;
for ( int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
strContent += str[index + 1].ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
index++;
}
if (state == EncodeState.Value)
{
return strContent;
}
index++;
obj.Add(strContent, DecodeObject(str, ref index, EncodeState.Value));
state = EncodeState.Key;
index++;
}
c = str[index];
}
return obj;
} |
3.2 测试对象:
d4:nick11:Create Chen3:agei23e4:blog33:http://www.cnblogs.com/technology7:hobbiesl6:Coding10:Basketballee