spring mvc 注解学习笔记（一）

2022-05-15 11:20:59

以前接触过spring，但是没有接触spring mvc 以及注解的应用，特习之，记之：

注解了解

@Component 是通用标注，

@Controller 标注web控制器，

@Service 标注Servicec 层的服务，

@Respository 标注 DAO层的数据访问

其实，这四个注解的效果都是一样的，Spring都会把它们当做需要注入的Bean加载在上下文中；

但是在项目中，却建议严格按照除Componen的其余三个注解的含义使用在项目中。这对分层结构的web架构很有好处！！

@Autowired 标注Autowired 它可以对类成员变量、方法及构造函数进行标注，完成自动装配的工作，

@RequestMapping 可以声明到类或方法上具体用法如下示例，当然还有许多其他的注解标记：

配置：myeclipse 8.5 tomcat jdk1.6

第一步、导入jar包 core web aop ，右键工程 -myeclipse -add spring 选择即可，以下是工程目录

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" alt="" />

第二步、配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app version="2.5"

    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee

    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">

    <servlet>

        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>

        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><!-- 配置前端控制器 -->

        <init-param>

            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

            <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-*.xml</param-value><!-- spring配置文件 。这里可以拓展一些其他配置文件，如数据库等 。如果该参数为空，spring会默认创建一个以servlet-name加后缀-servlet.xml的文件读取 -->

        </init-param>

        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

    </servlet>

    

    <servlet-mapping>

        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>

        <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern><!--  *.htm拦截请求后缀，可*定义，如*.do  *.action  -->

    </servlet-mapping>

    

  <welcome-file-list>

    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>

  </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

第三步、配置spring-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop

http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx

http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc

http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描Bean的范围 使注解生效  -->

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.cd" />

    <!-- 配置视图  视图的前缀 后缀 在这里配置 -->

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>

        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>

    </bean>

</beans>

第四步、SprController.java ,

package com.cd;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller//控制层注解标记，这个pojo就成为一个控制器

@RequestMapping("reg")//访问路径

public class RegController {

    @Autowired //Autowired 注释，它可以对类成员变量、方法及构造函数进行标注，完成自动装配的工作

    private RegDao regdao; 

    @RequestMapping("/reguser")//访问路径，调用这个方法路径：工程名/reg/reguser.htm,这里还有一些其他参数 @PathVariable、params、method 。。。

    public String  reguser(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp) {

        Map<String,String> regmap = new HashMap<String,String>();

        regmap.put("username", req.getParameter("username"));

        regmap.put("password",req.getParameter("password"));

        regmap.put("remark",req.getParameter("remark"));

        regdao.insertReg((Map<String, String>) regmap);

        return "index"; //返回视图名称 前缀及后缀在配置文件中，这里表示/WEB-INF/index.jsp

    }

}

RegDao.java 这里只是证明调用到了该类的方法

package com.cd;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository  //跟controller作用差不多

public class RegDao{

    public boolean insertReg(Map<String,String> map) {

        System.out.println("dao============");

        return false;

    }

}

到此完成，运行代码访问：http://localhost:8080/ws3/reg/reguser.htm,控制器会调用到RegDao 输出dao==========并且跳转到：http://localhost:8080/ws3/WEB-INF/index.jsp

一个基于注解的spring就完成了，如果要灵活应用，还得继续学习！

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