Dockerfile
Dockerfile是实现自动构造镜像的工具，用户可以按照自己的需求定制私有镜像
环境介绍
CentOS6.x镜像
此为基础镜像，我们通过Dockerfile来创建一个包含自定义软件Nginx/MySQL/Tomcat/PHP的镜像，可以作为自己的私有镜像；下载地址：
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https://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/centos-6-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz
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LNMTP软件包（源码包）
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Nginx：http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
MySQL：http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.29.tar.gz
Tomcat：http://apache.opencas.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.33/bin/apache-tomcat-8.0.33.tar.gz
JDK（RPM）：http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u77-b03/jdk-8u77-linux-x64.rpm
PHP：http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.20.tar.bz2
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epel扩展源
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RHEL7: http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm
RHEL6: http://mirrors.opencas.cn/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
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基于CentOS7安装Docker
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System： CentOS7.2 Hostname： dime.huangming.org IPADDR： 192.168.1.15 |
安装Docker的主机我们称为宿主机，而通过镜像（共有或私有images）创建的虚拟机称为容器，Docker的容器其实就好比是KVM里单独运行的一个或多个虚拟机。
Step1：安装Docker
1、installation docker
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[root@dime ~]# yum install docker -y
[root@dime ~]# systemctl start docker.service [root@dime ~]# systemctl enable docker.service |
启动Docker服务，并设置开机启动
2、上传一个CentOS镜像到Docker镜像仓库
将centos-6-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz镜像导入
| # cat centos-6-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz | docker import - centos-6-x86_64 |
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[root@dime source]# cat centos-6-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz | docker import - centos-6-x86_64
7996b1e6f7eaac8034f414c3c9c232dcefe515262056847f68da51252be50cde[root@dime source]# docker images ；查看docker镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEcentos-6-x86_64 latest 7996b1e6f7ea 41 seconds ago 326.4 MB |
Step2：在Docker主机上创建本地密钥
1、创建一个RSA类型，长度为2048的密钥
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[root@dime ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:2e:8b:d0:af:38:83:ba:b2:39:a8:2c:e3:04:48:e7:02 root@dime.huangming.orgThe key's randomart image is:+--[ RSA 2048]----+| || ||E. . ||+ o ||o. . S ||. .. . ||.o. . . . ||X.oo o o ||%B.oo.o |+-----------------+[root@dime ~]# ls ~/.ssh/
id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts |
id_rsa为私钥 id_rsa.pub 为公钥，将authorized_keys权限修改为600
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[root@dime ~]# cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub > /root/dockerdir/authorized_keys [root@dime ~]# chmod 600 /root/dockerdir/authorized_keys |
Step3：Dockerfile文件
1、软件包的准备
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[root@dime dockerdir]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.0.33.tar.gz Dockerfile libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
authorized_keys jdk-8u65-linux-x64.rpm mysql-5.6.29.tar.gz
centos-6-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
cmake-3.4.3.tar.gz libgd-2.1.1.tar.bz2 php-5.6.20.tar.bz2
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2、编写Dockerfile文件
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####################################################################### FROM centos-6-x86_64 MAINTAINER huangming <741616710@qq.com> #Install openssh RUN yum install -y openssh-server RUN mkdir /root/.ssh COPY ./authorized_keys /root/.ssh/authorized_keys RUN sed -i 's/UsePAM yes/UsePAM no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config #Install MySQL RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make automake COPY ./cmake-3.4.3.tar.gz . RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/cmake RUN tar zxf cmake-3.4.3.tar.gz RUN cd cmake-3.4.3 && ./bootstrap && make && make install RUN groupadd mysql; useradd -r -g mysql mysql RUN mkdir /usr/local/mysql; mkdir /data/mysql/db -p RUN yum install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel bison bison-devel -y COPY ./mysql-5.6.29.tar.gz . RUN tar zxf mysql-5.6.29.tar.gz RUN cd mysql-5.6.29 && cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/db -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH-MYSQLD-LDFLAGS=-all-static -DWITH-CLIENT-LD-FLAGS=-all-static -DWITH_DEBUG=0 && gmake && gmake install RUN chown -R root:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ && chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/db/ RUN cd /mysql-5.6.29/scripts && chmod 755 mysql_install_db.sh RUN /mysql-5.6.29/scripts/mysql_install_db.sh --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/db --no-defaults --user=mysql RUN cd /mysql-5.6.29/support-files/ && cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf && cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld RUN chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld && chkconfig mysqld on RUN echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nexport PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh RUN source /etc/profile #Install Nginx RUN yum install zlib pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel -y RUN useradd -s /sbin/nologin nginx COPY ./nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz . RUN mkdir /usr/local/nginx RUN tar zxf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz RUN cd /nginx-1.8.1/ && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-http_realip_module --with-http_sub_module && make && make install RUN nginx -t #Install php package dependency RUN rpm -ivh http://mirrors.opencas.cn/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm RUN yum -y install libpng-devel libtool libxslt-devel png bzip2 bzip2-devel libxml2-devel libXpm-devel curl-devel libmcrypt expat libxslt freetype freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel autoconf libpng zlib-devel zlib COPY ./libiconv-1.14.tar.gz . RUN mkdir /usr/local/libiconv && tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz RUN cd /libiconv-1.14 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv && make && make install && cd / COPY ./jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz . RUN mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6 && mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/{bin,lib,include,man} && mkdir /usr/local/jpeg6/man/man1 RUN tar zxf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz RUN cp -r /usr/share/libtool/config/config.sub /jpeg-6b && cp /usr/share/libtool/config/config.guess /jpeg-6b RUN cd /jpeg-6b && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg6 --enable-shared --enable-static && make && make install && cd / COPY ./libgd-2.1.1.tar.bz2 . RUN mkdir /usr/local/libgd2 && tar jxf libgd-2.1.1.tar.bz2 RUN cd /libgd-2.1.1 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libgd2 --with-zlib --with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg6 --with-png --with-freetype && make && make install && cd / #Install php RUN useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm COPY ./php-5.6.20.tar.bz2 . RUN tar xjf php-5.6.20.tar.bz2 RUN cd /php-5.6.20 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg6 --with-mcrypt --with-gd=/usr/local/libgd2 --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir --with-curl --with-mhash --with-openssl --with-pear --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --enable-sockets --with-gettext --enable-ftp --disable-ipv6 --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --with-pcre-dir && make && make install RUN cp /php-5.6.20/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini RUN cp /php-5.6.20/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm && chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm RUN cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf RUN /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -t #Install JDK COPY ./jdk-8u65-linux-x64.rpm . RUN rpm -ivh jdk-8u65-linux-x64.rpm RUN echo -e 'export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest\nexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/java.sh RUN . /etc/profile.d/java.sh #Install Tomcat COPY ./apache-tomcat-8.0.33.tar.gz . RUN tar zxf apache-tomcat-8.0.33.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ RUN cd /usr/local/ && ln -sv apache-tomcat-8.0.33 tomcat RUN echo -e 'export CATALNA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat\nexport PATH=$CATALNA_HOME/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh RUN source /etc/profile RUN cd / && rm -rf jdk-8u65-linux-x64.rpm mysql-5.6.29* jpeg* libgd* php-5.6.20* nginx-1.8.1* libiconv-1.14* cmake-3.4.3* apache-tomcat-8.0.33* EXPOSE 80 8080 3306 22 |
3、使用Dockerfile文件创建镜像
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# docker build -t centos_lnmpt . #“.”表示Dockerfile文件，镜像名字为centos_nmpt |
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[root@dime dockerdir]# docker build -t centos_lnmpt .
......（过程）Removing intermediate container 9365447c603dSuccessfully built 24eb1588647f |
4、查看生成的镜像docker images
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[root@dime ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEcentos_lnmpt latest 24eb1588647f 21 minutes ago 6.089 GBcentos_nmpt latest d166614dc0f5 About an hour ago 6.089 GBcentos-6-x86_64 latest 7996b1e6f7ea 10 hours ago 326.4 MB |
Step4：使用centos_lnmpt镜像运行一个容器
1、开启一个Docker容器docker run -itd -P --name=name image
-i : 表示让容器的标准输入打开
-t : 表示分配一个伪终端
-d : 表示让容器在后台运行
-P : 表示宿主机以随机分配的端口逐一映射容器暴露的端口
-p : 表示自定义宿主机一个或多个端口映射容器暴露的端口
--name : 表示指定容器的名字，容器的名字具有与ID一样的特性
#docker run -itd -P --name=dnode1 centos_lnmpt bash
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[root@dime dockerdir]# docker run -itd -P --name=dnode1 centos_lnmpt bash 3f63e6ba4d83fa7eb1e877edc630e15b64e60e2bc373714fc753c1abb8274b0b [root@dime dockerdir]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3f63e6ba4d83 centos_lnmpt "bash" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:32775->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32774->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32773->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32772->8080/tcp dnode1 |
#docker run -itd -p 33322:22 -p 33380:80 -p 33306:3306 -p 38080:8080 --name=dnode2 centos_lnmpt bash
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[root@dime ~]# docker run -itd -p 33322:22 -p 33380:80 -p 33306:3306 -p 38080:8080 --name=dnode2 centos_lnmpt bash 499c9a0bc965677a2ae2a238fc05dc4ec81920661bb1ba12b6933ce0176f3b55 [root@dime ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 499c9a0bc965 centos_lnmpt "bash" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 0.0.0.0:33322->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:33380->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:33306->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:38080->8080/tcp dnode2 3f63e6ba4d83 centos_lnmpt "bash" About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:32775->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32774->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32773->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32772->8080/tcp dnode1
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2、进入已开启的容器
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#进入dnode1容器[root@dime dockerdir]# docker exec -it dnode1 bash
[root@3f63e6ba4d83 /]# ls /usr/local/
apache-tomcat-8.0.33 doc include lib64 libiconv php srcbin etc jpeg6 libexec mysql sbin tomcatcmake games lib libgd2 nginx share#启动Nginx[root@3f63e6ba4d83 /]# nginx
[root@3f63e6ba4d83 /]# ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* |
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#进入dnode2容器[root@dime ~]# docker exec -it dnode2 bash
#启动Tomcat[root@a405702fbe84 /]# catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.[root@a405702fbe84 /]# ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* |
3、测试访问dnode1和dnode2的web服务
在客户机*问http://192.168.1.15:32774，此为dnode1通过与宿主机端口映射32774-->80，对外提供web服务
在客户机*问http://192.168.1.15:38080，此为dnode2通过与宿主机端口映射38080-->8080，对外提供服务
Step5：SSH远程管理容器主机
前面在构造Dockerfile时，已经将宿主机的ssh公钥发送到容器镜像里，因此，只需要将容器的sshd服务启动，即可以通过ssh远程登陆容器进行管理
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#dnode1[root@3f63e6ba4d83 /]# service sshd start
Generating SSH2 RSA host key: [ OK ]Generating SSH1 RSA host key: [ OK ]Generating SSH2 DSA host key: [ OK ]Starting sshd: [ OK ][root@3f63e6ba4d83 /]# exit
exit#dnode2[root@a405702fbe84 /]# service sshd start
Generating SSH2 RSA host key: [ OK ]Generating SSH1 RSA host key: [ OK ]Generating SSH2 DSA host key: [ OK ]Starting sshd: [ OK ][root@a405702fbe84 /]# exit
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远程登陆dnode1和dnode2
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[root@dime ~]# ssh root@192.168.1.15 -p 32775
The authenticity of host '[192.168.1.15]:32775 ([192.168.1.15]:32775)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 36:34:32:82:25:ba:6b:e4:b9:40:7e:98:a2:6d:de:3c.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[192.168.1.15]:32775' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[root@3f63e6ba4d83 ~]#
[root@dime ~]# ssh root@192.168.1.15 -p 33322
The authenticity of host '[192.168.1.15]:33322 ([192.168.1.15]:33322)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 2e:18:d1:0c:26:cb:d2:2d:37:9a:0d:a7:6d:0d:1e:2c.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[192.168.1.15]:33322' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[root@499c9a0bc965 ~]#
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