目录
1.视图函数
视图函数简称视图,是一个简单的python函数,他接收web请求并返回文本响应,响应可以是一个网页,一个重定向,或者是字符串,什么都可以,但是一定要又响应。
2.小白必会三板斧
1.HttpResponse
可以返回字符串
2.render
可以调用HTML文件进行操作
3.redirect
重定向
3.JsonResponse
可以将数据按照json串的格式传给前端,但是默认的是只能传字典,字符编码默认是ascii。
from django.http import JsonResponse
def index(request):
# dic = {'username':'wang','hobby':'骑行'}
dic = ['上海']
return JsonResponse(dic,safe=False,json_dumps_params = {'ensure_ascii':False},)
# 1.json_dumps_params = {'ensure_ascii':False},) 更改字符编码格式
# 2.safe=False 更改传入的数据类型
4.FBV与CBV
FBV:基于函数的视图
CBV:基于类的视图
# views视图中
from django.views import View
class MyLogin(View):
def get(self,request):
print('我是mylogin里面的get方法')
return render(request,'login.html')
def post(self,request):
print('我是mylogin里面的post方法')
return render(request,'ceshi.html')
# urls.py中
url(r'^login/',views.MyLogin.as_view())
5.CBV源码
# View源代码
class View(object):
http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
for key, value in six.iteritems(kwargs):
setattr(self, key, value)
@classonlymethod
def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
for key in initkwargs:
if key in cls.http_method_names:
raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
"keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
% (key, cls.__name__))
if not hasattr(cls, key):
raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "
"only accepts arguments that are already "
"attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key))
def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
self = cls(**initkwargs)
if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):
self.head = self.get
self.request = request
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
view.view_class = cls
view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs
update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())
update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
return view
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
else:
handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
def http_method_not_allowed(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
logger.warning(
'Method Not Allowed (%s): %s', request.method, request.path,
extra={'status_code': 405, 'request': request}
)
return http.HttpResponseNotAllowed(self._allowed_methods())
# views.py中的代码
class MyLogin(View):
def get(self,request): # 方法名一定是八大请求方法的名字
print('我是mylogin里面的get方法')
return render(request,'login.html')
def post(self,request):
print('我是mylogin里面的post方法')
return render(request,'ceshi.html')
# urls.py中的代码
url(r'^login/',views.MyLogin.as_view()), 本质上还是FBV,
6.给CBV加装饰器
1.直接放在类中方法的上面
2.使用内置模块,放在类方法上面 ----- 推荐
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
@method_decorator(outter) # 括号内写上装饰器函数,放在需要被装饰的类方法上
3.使用内置方法,直接放在类上面
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
@method_decorator(outter,name='post')
7.form表单传文件需要注意的事项:
1.mothod必须改成post
2.enctype改成formdata格式
前期在使用post超后端发送请求的时候,需要去settings配置文件中注释掉一个中间件crf。
# 针对于文件的操作使用的是
file_obj = request.FILES # django会将文件数据放在request.FILES中
file_obj.name
with open(file_obj.name,'wb') as f:
for line in file_obj:
f.write(line)