搭建接口自动化测试框架,一般都要对post/get请求做封装。
一般的封装过程是,
class MyRequest: def my_post(): """do something""" requests.post(url=url, json=data, headers=self.headers) def my_get(): """do something""" requests.get(url=url, params=params, headers=self.headers)
然而,借助装饰器,可以实现更优雅的封装。
在这之前,先打开requests.api.request,看看源码。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ requests.api ~~~~~~~~~~~~ This module implements the Requests API. :copyright: (c) 2012 by Kenneth Reitz. :license: Apache2, see LICENSE for more details. """ from . import sessions def request(method, url, **kwargs): """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request`. :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send in the query string for the :class:`Request`. :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`. :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`. :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload. ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')`` or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers to add for the file. :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth. :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read timeout)` tuple. :type timeout: float or tuple :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``. :type allow_redirects: bool :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy. :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``. :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded. :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response Usage:: >>> import requests >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')""" # By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some # cases, and look like a memory leak in others. with sessions.Session() as session: return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs) def get(url, params=None, **kwargs): r"""Sends a GET request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send in the query string for the :class:`Request`. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True) return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs) def options(url, **kwargs): r"""Sends an OPTIONS request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True) return request('options', url, **kwargs) def head(url, **kwargs): r"""Sends a HEAD request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', False) return request('head', url, **kwargs) def post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs): r"""Sends a POST request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs) def put(url, data=None, **kwargs): r"""Sends a PUT request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ return request('put', url, data=data, **kwargs) def patch(url, data=None, **kwargs): r"""Sends a PATCH request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ return request('patch', url, data=data, **kwargs) def delete(url, **kwargs): r"""Sends a DELETE request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ return request('delete', url, **kwargs)
首先定义了1个request函数。
后面定义了get/options/head/post/put/patch/delete 6个函数。
后面的6个函数,内部都在调用第一个request函数。只是传参不同。
显而易见,源码已经按不同的method做了一次封装了。
我们自己的封装就不要再定义my_get/my_post了,直接在这层封装上,加入我们自己的额外代码就好了。
装饰器,就能把我们自己的额外代码,优雅的加上去。
装饰器,长这样,
def decorator(post): def wrap(): post() return wrap
如果加到post函数上去,
@decorator def post()
就等价于,
post = decorator(post)
看到没有,我们可以在decorator里面搞事情了!
在搞事情前,先建个MyRequest,把requests.api.request的代码原封不动的沾过来,加上我们的装饰器@method
from requests.api import request class MyRequest: # def request可以不用添加 @method def get(self, url, params=None, **kwargs): r"""Sends a GET request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send in the query string for the :class:`Request`. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True) return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs) @method def options(self, url, **kwargs): r"""Sends an OPTIONS request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True) return request('options', url, **kwargs) @method def head(self, url, **kwargs): r"""Sends a HEAD request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', False) return request('head', url, **kwargs) @method def post(self, url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs): r"""Sends a POST request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs) @method def put(self, url, data=None, **kwargs): r"""Sends a PUT request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ return request('put', url, data=data, **kwargs) @method def patch(self, url, data=None, **kwargs): r"""Sends a PATCH request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ return request('patch', url, data=data, **kwargs) @method def delete(self, url, **kwargs): r"""Sends a DELETE request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :return: :class:`Response` object :rtype: requests.Response """ return request('delete', url, **kwargs)
接着再来实现method装饰器,这里有点不同的是,装饰器作用在类的方法上面的,参数有些区别,
def method(f): # do something def send(self, *args, **kwargs): # do something return f(self, *args, **kwargs) # do something return send
send的第一个参数为self,跟类方法对应。
第二、第三个参数兼容了get/post等不同的传参,
return f(self, *args, **kwargs) # 等价于 return get(self, *args, **kwargs) # 或 return post(self, *args, **kwargs)
优雅!
至于装饰器里面的do something,可以是记录耗时,打印日志,重试机制,等。