一 创建一个动态web项目,并导入jar包
导入最新的spring的jar包,可以自己在官网下载或者导入我用的jar包,链接:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1mhfQ9h2 导入之后是这样的:
二 配置web.xml
文件路径是:WebContent/WEB-INF/web.xml ,代码如下:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>< web-app xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns = "http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version = "3.1" >
< servlet >
< servlet-name >SpringMVC</ servlet-name >
< servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class >
< load-on-startup >1</ load-on-startup >
</ servlet >
< servlet-mapping >
< servlet-name >SpringMVC</ servlet-name >
< url-pattern >/</ url-pattern >
</ servlet-mapping >
< welcome-file-list >
< welcome-file >index.jsp</ welcome-file >
</ welcome-file-list ></ web-app >
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(1)load-on-startup:表示启动容器时初始化该Servlet
(2)url-pattern:表示哪些请求交给Spring Web MVC处理, “/” 是用来定义默认servlet映射的
(3)Dispatcherservlet:默认DispatcherServlet会加载WEB-INF/[DispatcherServlet的Servlet名字]-servlet.xml配置文件,在本例中是:WEB-INF/SpringMVC-servlet.xml
注:SpringMVC-servlet.xml文件的路径可以自定义,比如说放在src目录下,这时候需要修改web.xml文件为:
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< servlet >
< servlet-name >SpringMVC</ servlet-name >
< servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class >
< init-param >
< param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >
< param-value >classpath:SpringMVC-servlet.xml</ param-value >
</ init-param >
< load-on-startup >1</ load-on-startup >
</ servlet >
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三 配置SpringMVC-servlet.xml
在这里,这个文件跟web.xml在同一目录下:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
< bean name = "/test1/hello" class = "cn.zifangsky.ControllerDemo_1" ></ bean >
<!-- ViewResolver -->
< bean id = "viewResolver"
class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
< property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
< property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
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(1)首先定义了一个名为”/test1/hello”的action,对应的处理类是:cn.zifangsky.ControllerDemo_1。启动项目后访问:http://localhost:8080/项目名/test1/hello 即可转入ControllerDemo_1这个处理类
(2)InternalResourceViewResolver:视图名称解析器。在这里prefix和suffix分别表示查找视图页面的前缀和后缀,比如传进来的逻辑视图名为hello,那么该jsp视图页面应该存放在”/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp”
四 action处理类ControllerDemo_1
从上面的SpringMVC-servlet.xml可以看出,ControllerDemo_1存放在cn.zifangsky.ControllerDemo_1,在这里我就简单的打印一个字符串,并返回一个名叫”index“的逻辑视图
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package cn.zifangsky;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class ControllerDemo_1 implements Controller{
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
System.out.println( "-------www.zifangsky.cn------" );
return new ModelAndView( "index" );
}
} |
五 视图index.jsp
从SpringMVC-servlet.xml定义的视图前缀和后缀可以得知,返回的视图路径是:[前缀]/逻辑视图[后缀],在这里就是:/WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE html> < html >
< head >
< meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=UTF-8" >
< base href="<%=basePath%>">
< title >Welcome to Hear</ title >
</ head >
< body >
< div align = "center" >
This is first page
</ div >
</ body >
</ html >
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六 运行效果如下
七 采用注解的方式处理action:
(1)修改SpringMVC-servlet.xml为:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
<!-- 启用spring mvc 注解 -->
< mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 不操作静态资源 -->
< mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!-- 设置使用注解的类所在的包 -->
< context:component-scan base-package = "cn.zifangsky" />
<!-- <bean name="/test1/hello" class="cn.zifangsky.ControllerDemo_1"></bean> -->
<!-- ViewResolver -->
< bean id = "viewResolver"
class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
< property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
< property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
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(2)编写action:
路径是:cn.zifangsky.ControllerDemo_2,完整代码如下:
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package cn.zifangsky;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/** * @Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
* @RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
*
* */
@Controller @RequestMapping ( "/test2" )
public class ControllerDemo_2 {
@RequestMapping ( "/hello" )
public String hello() {
return "hello" ;
}
} |
注:@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中;@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求。也就是说启动项目后,通过访问:http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCDemo/test2/hello这个访问到这个action
(3)/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE html> < html >
< head >
< meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=UTF-8" >
< base href="<%=basePath%>">
< title >hello world</ title >
</ head >
< body >
< div align = "center" >
This is second page
</ div >
</ body >
</ html >
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(4)运行效果如下:
附:SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody 该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody 该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute 在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法 在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam 在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable 绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler 注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice 使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常