k8s集群资源监控

2023-09-30 16:11:28

　　之前在研究helm 的时候研究过k8s的一个weave-scope的一个可视化界面监控平台，下面研究下基于prometheus+Grafana 的监控方案的搭建。

　　weave-scope 我感觉还是挺好的，可以看到集群的相关信息，也可以看到pods 的相关信息并且查看pods 对应的container 容器以及今日容器执行一些操作。也可以查看controller、service 等信息。

1. 简介

1. 监控指标

主要监控CPU信息、以及pod 相关信息

2. 监控平台

(1) prometheus

一个开源的监控、报警，以http 协议周期性抓取被监控组件数据的平台

(2) Grafana

开源的数据分析和可视化功能。支持多种数据源。

(3) 其过程可以理解为下图

k8s集群资源监控

 

 2. 搭建环境

　　相关配置文件参考https://github.com/redhatxl/k8s-prometheus-grafana 可能有区别的是node-exporter.yaml， 版本不匹配和缺少selector 相关

 1. 部署prometheus

 (1)  相关配置文件

node-exporter.yaml

k8s集群资源监控
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: node-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: node-exporter
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/node-exporter
        name: node-exporter
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9100
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 9100
    nodePort: 31672
    protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
View Code

rbac-setup.yaml

k8s集群资源监控
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources:
  - nodes
  - nodes/proxy
  - services
  - endpoints
  - pods
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: prometheus
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
View Code

configmap.yaml

k8s集群资源监控
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval:     15s
      evaluation_interval: 15s
    scrape_configs:

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module: [http_2xx]
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: ingress
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
        regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
        replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
View Code

prometheus.deploy.yml

k8s集群资源监控
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    name: prometheus-deployment
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
        name: prometheus
        command:
        - "/bin/prometheus"
        args:
        - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
        - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
        - "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: "/prometheus"
          name: data
        - mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"
          name: config-volume
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          limits:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 2500Mi
      serviceAccountName: prometheus    
      volumes:
      - name: data
        emptyDir: {}
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: prometheus-config
View Code

prometheus.svc.yml

k8s集群资源监控
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 9090
    targetPort: 9090
    nodePort: 30003
  selector:
    app: prometheus
View Code

(2) 创建相关资源

[root@k8smaster1 pgminitor]# kubectl apply -f node-exporter.yaml 
daemonset.apps/node-exporter created
service/node-exporter created

创建其他资源

[root@k8smaster1 prometheus]# kubectl apply -f rbac-setup.yaml 
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus created
serviceaccount/prometheus created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus created
[root@k8smaster1 prometheus]# kubectl apply -f configmap.yaml 
configmap/prometheus-config created
[root@k8smaster1 prometheus]# kubectl apply -f prometheus.deploy.yml 
deployment.apps/prometheus created
[root@k8smaster1 prometheus]# kubectl apply -f prometheus.svc.yml 
service/prometheus created

(3) 查看

[root@k8smaster1 prometheus]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide| grep prome
prometheus-7486bf7f4b-fh7nn          1/1     Running   0          38m    10.244.2.114     k8snode2     <none>           <none>

2. 部署 Grafana

(1) 相关yaml 如下

grafana-deploy.yaml

k8s集群资源监控
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana-core
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
        app: grafana
        component: core
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
        component: core
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: grafana/grafana:4.2.0
        name: grafana-core
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        # env:
        resources:
          # keep request = limit to keep this container in guaranteed class
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        env:
          # The following env variables set up basic auth twith the default admin user and admin password.
          - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
            value: "true"
          - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
            value: "false"
          # - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          #   value: Admin
          # does not really work, because of template variables in exported dashboards:
          # - name: GF_DASHBOARDS_JSON_ENABLED
          #   value: "true"
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /login
            port: 3000
          # initialDelaySeconds: 30
          # timeoutSeconds: 1
        volumeMounts:
        - name: grafana-persistent-storage
          mountPath: /var
      volumes:
      - name: grafana-persistent-storage
        emptyDir: {}
View Code

 grafana-svc.yaml

k8s集群资源监控
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 3000
  selector:
    app: grafana
    component: core
View Code

grafana-ing.yaml

k8s集群资源监控
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
   name: grafana
   namespace: kube-system
spec:
   rules:
   - host: k8s.grafana
     http:
       paths:
       - path: /
         backend:
          serviceName: grafana
          servicePort: 3000
View Code

(2) 执行创建并且查看

[root@k8smaster1 grafana]# kubectl apply -f grafana-deploy.yaml 
deployment.apps/grafana-core created
[root@k8smaster1 grafana]# kubectl apply -f grafana-svc.yaml 
service/grafana created
[root@k8smaster1 grafana]# kubectl apply -f grafana-ing.yaml 
ingress.extensions/grafana created
[root@k8smaster1 grafana]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system | grep gra
grafana-core-768b6bf79c-2vjb9        1/1     Running   0          2m29s

 (3) 查看端口

[root@k8smaster1 ~]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
grafana         NodePort    10.102.171.10    <none>        3000:31471/TCP           93m
kube-dns        ClusterIP   10.96.0.10       <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   14d
node-exporter   NodePort    10.97.61.233     <none>        9100:31672/TCP           4h15m
prometheus      NodePort    10.107.115.195   <none>        9090:30003/TCP           3h4m

(4) 通过控制台访问

访问 http://192.168.13.104:31471/login 登录界面， 使用默认的账户名密码 admin 进行登录。

1》 配置数据源， 使用prometheus

k8s集群资源监控

 　　这里注意ip 要写成其节点内部通信的ip。

2》 修改模板

点击如下按钮

k8s集群资源监控

 输入315

k8s集群资源监控

 然后选择一个自己的数据源即可

k8s集群资源监控

3》 查看控制面板

k8s集群资源监控

 

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