使用ASP.NET MVC 框架, 简单的指定OutputCache 指令并不能达到理想的效果. 幸好, ActionFilterAttribute让你能够在 controller action执行的前后运行代码.
让我们使用类似的方法来创建OutputCache ActionFilterAttribute。
[OutputCache(Duration = 60, VaryByParam = "*", CachePolicy = CachePolicy.Server)] public ActionResult Index() { // ... }
我们将使用命名为CachePolicy的枚举类型来指定OutputCache 特性应怎样以及在哪里进行缓存:
public enum CachePolicy { NoCache = 0, Client = 1, Server = 2, ClientAndServer = 3 }
1.实现client-side缓存
事实上,这是很容易的。在view呈现前,我们将增加一些HTTP头到响应流。网页浏览器将获得这些头部,并且通过使用正确的缓存设置来回应请求。如果我们设置duration为60,浏览器将首页缓存一分钟。
using System.Web.Mvc; namespace MVCActionFilters.Web.Models { public class OutputCache:System.Web.Mvc.ActionFilterAttribute { public int Duration { get; set; } public CachePolicy CachePolicy { get; set; } public override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext) { if (CachePolicy == CachePolicy.Client || CachePolicy == CachePolicy.ClientAndServer) { if (Duration <= 0) return; //用于设置特定于缓存的 HTTP 标头以及用于控制 ASP.NET 页输出缓存 HttpCachePolicyBase cache = filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Cache; TimeSpan cacheDuration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(Duration); cache.SetCacheability(HttpCacheability.Public); cache.SetExpires(DateTime.Now.Add(cacheDuration)); cache.SetMaxAge(cacheDuration); cache.AppendCacheExtension("must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"); } } } }
2. 实现server-side缓存
Server-side 缓存有一点难度. 首要的,在输出缓存系统中,我们将不得不准备HTTP 响应为可读的。为了这样做,我们首先保存当前的HTTP context到类的一个变量中. 然后, 我们创建一个新的httpcontext ,通过它将数据写入StringWriter,同时允许读操作可以发生:
existingContext = System.Web.HttpContext.Current;//保存当前的HTTP context到类的一个变量中 writer = new StringWriter(); HttpResponse response = new HttpResponse(writer); HttpContext context = new HttpContext(existingContext.Request, response) { User = existingContext.User }; System.Web.HttpContext.Current = context; public override void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext filterContext) { if (CachePolicy == CachePolicy.Server || CachePolicy == CachePolicy.ClientAndServer) { //获取缓存实例 cache = filterContext.HttpContext.Cache; // 获取缓存数据 object cachedData = cache.Get(GenerateKey(filterContext)); if (cachedData != null) { // 返回缓存数据 cacheHit = true; filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Write(cachedData); filterContext.Cancel = true; } else { //重新设置缓存数据 existingContext = System.Web.HttpContext.Current; writer = new StringWriter(); HttpResponse response = new HttpResponse(writer); HttpContext context = new HttpContext(existingContext.Request, response) { User = existingContext.User }; foreach (var key in existingContext.Items.Keys) { context.Items[key] = existingContext.Items[key]; } System.Web.HttpContext.Current = context; } } }
利用该代码,我们能从高速缓存中检索现有项,并设置了HTTP响应能够被读取。在视图呈现之后,将数据存储在高速缓存中:
public override void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext filterContext) { // 服务器端缓存? if (CachePolicy == CachePolicy.Server || CachePolicy == CachePolicy.ClientAndServer) { if (!cacheHit) { // 存储原有的context System.Web.HttpContext.Current = existingContext; // 返回呈现的数据 existingContext.Response.Write(writer.ToString()); //增加数据到缓存 cache.Add( GenerateKey(filterContext), writer.ToString(), null, DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(Duration), Cache.NoSlidingExpiration, CacheItemPriority.Normal, null); } } }
你现在注意到添加了一个VaryByParam到 OutputCache ActionFilterAttribute。当缓存server-side时,我可以通过传入的参数来改变缓存存储。这个GenerateKey方法会产生一个依赖于controller,action和VaryByParam的键。
private string GenerateKey(ControllerContext filterContext) { StringBuilder cacheKey = new StringBuilder(); // Controller + action cacheKey.Append(filterContext.Controller.GetType().FullName); if (filterContext.RouteData.Values.ContainsKey("action")) { cacheKey.Append("_"); cacheKey.Append(filterContext.RouteData.Values["action"].ToString()); } // Variation by parameters List<string> varyByParam = VaryByParam.Split(‘;‘).ToList(); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(VaryByParam)) { foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> pair in filterContext.RouteData.Values) { if (VaryByParam == "*" || varyByParam.Contains(pair.Key)) { cacheKey.Append("_"); cacheKey.Append(pair.Key); cacheKey.Append("="); cacheKey.Append(pair.Value.ToString()); } } } return cacheKey.ToString(); }
现在你可以增加 OutputCache attribute 到应用程序的任何一个controller 与controller action中 。
[MVCActionFilters.Web.Common.OutputCache(Duration = 20, VaryByParam = "*",CachePolicy=Common.CachePolicy.Client)] public string Cache() { return DateTime.Now.ToString(); }
设置CachePolicy为Common.CachePolicy.Client时,将直接在客户端缓存中读取数据。
创建一个ASP.NET MVC OutputCache ActionFilterAttribute,布布扣,bubuko.com