Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术

一、概述

Nginx 作负载均衡器的优点许多,简单概括为:

①实现了可弹性化的架构,在压力增大的时候可以临时添加Tomcat服务器添加到这个架构里面去;

②upstream具有负载均衡能力,可以自动判断下面的机器,并且自动踢出不能正常提供服务的机器;

Keepalived 可实现 Nginx负载均衡器双机互备,任意一台机器发生故障,对方都能够将虚拟IP接管过去。

Memcache可以实现Tomcat服务器的Sission共享整个拓补如下:

Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术

注意:

1、由于服务器有限,IP相同的为同一台机。只是端口不一样。

2、mysql部分本文不再描述,请看之前的文章MYSQL + MHA +keepalive + VIP安装配置.

二、环境

服务器:192.168.1.201 安装软件:Keepalived1、Memcache1、Nginx1(反向代理)
服务器:192.168.1.205 安装软件:Keepalived2、Memcache2、Nginx2(反向代理)
服务器:192.168.1.231 安装软件:Tomcat1、Nginx1(静态处理)
服务器:192.168.1.232 安装软件:Tomcat2、Nginx2(静态处理)

三、Nginx的安装

1、下载最新有稳定包:

shell>wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz

2、安装相关组件

Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术
#先安装环境
shell>yum -y install gcc openssl-devel zlib-devel pcre-devel
shell>yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake //安装编译gcc环境
shell>useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx //添加nginx 用户,没有登录shell,没有家目录.
shell>wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.zip //下载依赖组件,当然还有其它组件。
shell>unzip pcre-8.35.zip
shell>cd pcre-8.35
shell>./configure --prefix=/opt/pcre/
shell>make && make install
Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术

 注意:可能还有其它组件要安装,请看:Linux Nginx 安装配置

3、安装Nginx

Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术
shell>tar -zxvf nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz
shell>#./configure \
--prefix=/opt/nginx \ //安装路径
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ //可执行文件路径
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ //默认为<prefix>/conf/nginx.conf 最好定义到/etc下
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \ //pid文件存放位置,后面将会用到
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ //错误日志文件,默认为<prefix>/logs/error.log
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ //访问日志,默认为<prefix>/logs/access.log
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module \ //以取得一些nginx的运行状态
--with-http_ssl_module \ //支持https加密连接
--with-http_gzip_static_module \ //静态缓存模块
--with-http_realip_module \ //让Nginx透明获取客户端IP
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \ //指定http客户端请求缓存文件存放目录
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ //指定http反向代理缓存文件存放目录
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ //指定FastCGI缓存文件存放目录
--with-pcre=/opt/pcre/
shell>make
shell>make install
Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术

 注意:./configure 中很多注解,执行时多注意。

4、让Nginx以服务形式启动

vim /etc/init.d/nginx

Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术
#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# it is v.0.0.2 version.
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
# It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginxd=/usr/sbin/nginx
nginx_config=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx_pid=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid
RETVAL=0
prog="nginx"
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start() {
if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
echo "nginx already running...."
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
return $RETVAL
}
# Stop nginx daemons functions.
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $nginxd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /var/run/nginx.pid
}
# reload nginx service functions.
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
#kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`
killproc $nginxd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术

注意:nginx各文件的安装路径要与实际安装的一致。

保存nginxd脚本,赋予执行权限,添加服务和开机启动
#chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
#chkconfig --add nginx

5、启动

shell>service nginx start
shell>service nginx restart
shell>service nginx stop

访问:http://127.0.0.1/      

注意:iptables 是否开放80端口

6、Nginx 负载均衡的配置

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

(1)、在http{}中增加:

Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术
gzip  on;
gzip_min_length 1100;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript image/bmp application/javascript; upstream tomcat_server{ #tomcat负载均衡配置
server 192.168.1.231:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.1.232:8080 weight=1;
}
upstream nginx_server { #nginx负载均衡配置
server 192.168.1.231 weight=1;
server 192.168.1.232 weight=1;
}
Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术

(2)、在http中的server如下:

Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; <span style="color: #ff0000;">location ~ .*\. (htm|html|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ioc|rar|zip|txt|flv|mid|doc|ppt|pdf|xls|mp3|wma)$ {
expires 30d;
proxy_pass http://nginx_server; #反向代理,静态的由nginx来处理。
}</span>
<span style="color: #ff0000;"> location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
expires 1h;
proxy_pass http://nginx_server; #反向代理,静态的由nginx来处理。
} location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_pass http://tomcat_server; #反向代理,其它的由tomcat来处理。
}</span> #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术

7、反射代理两台(192.168.1.201\205)Nginx 配制如上。

8、静态处理两台(192.168.1.231\232)Nginx  不用配置第6步:Nginx 负载均衡的配置就可以了。

四、Keepalived安装 

1、Keepalived安装部分参考:MYSQL + MHA +keepalive + VIP安装配置(三)-----keepalived安装配置

注意:只安装在192.168.1.201\205两台服务器上。

2、Keepalived配置,这里实现两台互为热备。为了不浪费资源,提供了两个VIP(207\208)可以同时执行两个项目。

(1)、服务器:192.168.1.201的配制如下:

Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
notification_email {
licm@hyxt.com
}
notification_email_from sunney888@qq.com
smtp_server smtp.qq.com
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/root/check_nginx.sh"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_sync_group VG1 {
group {
VI_1
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth1
virtual_router_id 61
mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.201
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
} virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.208
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state SLAVE
interface eth1
virtual_router_id 60
mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.201
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
} virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.207
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术

(2)、服务器:192.168.1.205的配制如下:

Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
notification_email {
licm@hyxt.com
}
notification_email_from sunney888@qq.com
smtp_server smtp.qq.com
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/root/check_nginx.sh"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_sync_group VG1 {
group {
VI_1
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 60
mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.205
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.207
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state SLAVE
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 61
mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.205
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.208
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术

注意:这不说明每个参数的意义,请查看: MYSQL + MHA +keepalive + VIP安装配置(三)-----keepalived安装配置 只是配置不一样。

五、Tomcat安装

1、Tomcat下载,下载最新的吧。

shell>http://apache.fayea.com/apache-mirror/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.53/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.53.tar.gz
shell>tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.53.tar.gz

注意:这里解压就可以不用安装。

2、启动与停止

shell>/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.53/bin/startup.sh
shell>/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.53/bin/shutdown.sh

注意:tomcat默认端口是8080,确保 iptable是否开通端口。

当然你也可以配置成以服务的形式来启动/停止。这不在处理。

六、Memcache安装与配置

1、memcache安装,详细安装请看这:linux MemCache安装手册 这不在说明。

服务器(192.168.1.201/205)安装方法一样。

注意:memcache默认端口是11211,确保 iptable是否开通端口。

2、memcache的启动

Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术
/usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 50 -u root -l 192.168.1.201 -p 11211 -c 2048 -P /tmp/memcached.pid
没错误提示的话,证明安装成功并且启动了Memcached服务了。
Memcached基本说明:
启动参数:
-d选项是启动一个守护进程,
-m是分配给Memcache使用的内存数量,单位是MB
-u是运行Memcache的用户
-l是监听的服务器IP地址
-p是设置Memcache监听的端口
-c选项是最大运行的并发连接数,默认是1024
-P是设置保存Memcache的pid文件
结束Memcached进程使用如下语句:
kill `cat /tmp/memcached.pid`
Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术

3、memcache测试连接

telnet 192.168.1.201 11211 连接成功后

七、配置session共享

1、tomcat的context.xml

vim /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.53/conf/context.xml

增加如下内容:

Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术
<Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager"
memcachedNodes="n1:192.168.1.201:11211,n2:192.168.1.205:11211"
requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(png|gif|jpg|css|js)$"
sessionBackupAsync="false"
sessionBackupTimeout="1800000"
copyCollectionsForSerialization="false"
transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.javolution.JavolutionTranscoderFactory"/>
Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术

 注意:memcachedNodes是memcached的节点。可以有多点。

2、增加jar包

(1)、下载包,地址:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/msm/

Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术
memcached-session-manager-1.8.1.jar
memcached-session-manager-tc7-1.8.1.jar
msm-flexjson-serializer-1.8.1.jar
msm-javolution-serializer-1.8.1.jar
msm-kryo-serializer-1.8.1.jar
msm-serializer-benchmark-1.8.1.jar
msm-xstream-serializer-1.8.1.jar
Nginx+Tomcat+Keepalived+Memcache 负载均衡动静分离技术

  (2)、javolution-5.4.3.1.jar、spymemcached-2.8.4.jar这两个包要另外下载。

(3)、把下载的这9个包放到两台tomcat服务器上的lib目录下。

九、测试

把马有安装的服务都启动。把一个要测试的项目同时放到。两个tomcat服务器上及两个Nginx静态处理服务器上。访问VIP:http://192.168.1.207/项目名称。

注意:

1、测试方法先确证两台tomcat的项目能用他自己的IP能正常访问。

2、再访问VIP:http://192.168.1.207/项目名称。测试一下图片、JS及JSP是从哪个服务器上调用的。

3、时间有限这不把测试有具体内容放出来。

十、完成

写的比较急。如有不正确之处请指出。让我们一起学习。谢谢。

记住该记住的,忘记该忘记的,改变能改变的,接受不能改变的!
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