typescript环境配置
安装node, 安装cnpm
安装typescript, ts-node
cnpm install -g typescript
cnpm install -g ts-node
用vscode打开项目文件夹
tsc -init 生成一个tsconfig.json文件
文件如下：
{
"compilerOptions": {
/* Visit https://aka.ms/tsconfig.json to read more about this file */
/* Basic Options */
// "incremental": true, /* Enable incremental compilation */
"target": "es5", /* Specify ECMAScript target version: ‘ES3‘ (default), ‘ES5‘, ‘ES2015‘, ‘ES2016‘, ‘ES2017‘, ‘ES2018‘, ‘ES2019‘, ‘ES2020‘, ‘ES2021‘, or ‘ESNEXT‘. */
"module": "commonjs", /* Specify module code generation: ‘none‘, ‘commonjs‘, ‘amd‘, ‘system‘, ‘umd‘, ‘es2015‘, ‘es2020‘, or ‘ESNext‘. */
// "lib": [], /* Specify library files to be included in the compilation. */
// "allowJs": true, /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */
// "checkJs": true, /* Report errors in .js files. */
// "jsx": "preserve", /* Specify JSX code generation: ‘preserve‘, ‘react-native‘, ‘react‘, ‘react-jsx‘ or ‘react-jsxdev‘. */
// "declaration": true, /* Generates corresponding ‘.d.ts‘ file. */
// "declarationMap": true, /* Generates a sourcemap for each corresponding ‘.d.ts‘ file. */
// "sourceMap": true, /* Generates corresponding ‘.map‘ file. */
// "outFile": "./", /* Concatenate and emit output to single file. */
"outDir": "./dist", /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */
"rootDir": "./src", /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. */
// "composite": true, /* Enable project compilation */
// "tsBuildInfoFile": "./", /* Specify file to store incremental compilation information */
// "removeComments": true, /* Do not emit comments to output. */
// "noEmit": true, /* Do not emit outputs. */
// "importHelpers": true, /* Import emit helpers from ‘tslib‘. */
// "downlevelIteration": true, /* Provide full support for iterables in ‘for-of‘, spread, and destructuring when targeting ‘ES5‘ or ‘ES3‘. */
// "isolatedModules": true, /* Transpile each file as a separate module (similar to ‘ts.transpileModule‘). */
/* Strict Type-Checking Options */
"strict": true, /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */
// "noImplicitAny": true, /* Raise error on expressions and declarations with an implied ‘any‘ type. */
// "strictNullChecks": true, /* Enable strict null checks. */
// "strictFunctionTypes": true, /* Enable strict checking of function types. */
// "strictBindCallApply": true, /* Enable strict ‘bind‘, ‘call‘, and ‘apply‘ methods on functions. */
// "strictPropertyInitialization": true, /* Enable strict checking of property initialization in classes. */
// "noImplicitThis": true, /* Raise error on ‘this‘ expressions with an implied ‘any‘ type. */
// "alwaysStrict": true, /* Parse in strict mode and emit "use strict" for each source file. */
/* Additional Checks */
// "noUnusedLocals": true, /* Report errors on unused locals. */
// "noUnusedParameters": true, /* Report errors on unused parameters. */
// "noImplicitReturns": true, /* Report error when not all code paths in function return a value. */
// "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true, /* Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement. */
// "noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true, /* Include ‘undefined‘ in index signature results */
// "noImplicitOverride": true, /* Ensure overriding members in derived classes are marked with an ‘override‘ modifier. */
// "noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature": true, /* Require undeclared properties from index signatures to use element accesses. */
/* Module Resolution Options */
// "moduleResolution": "node", /* Specify module resolution strategy: ‘node‘ (Node.js) or ‘classic‘ (TypeScript pre-1.6). */
// "baseUrl": "./", /* Base directory to resolve non-absolute module names. */
// "paths": {}, /* A series of entries which re-map imports to lookup locations relative to the ‘baseUrl‘. */
// "rootDirs": [], /* List of root folders whose combined content represents the structure of the project at runtime. */
// "typeRoots": [], /* List of folders to include type definitions from. */
// "types": [], /* Type declaration files to be included in compilation. */
// "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true, /* Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking. */
"esModuleInterop": true, /* Enables emit interoperability between CommonJS and ES Modules via creation of namespace objects for all imports. Implies ‘allowSyntheticDefaultImports‘. */
// "preserveSymlinks": true, /* Do not resolve the real path of symlinks. */
// "allowUmdGlobalAccess": true, /* Allow accessing UMD globals from modules. */
/* Source Map Options */
// "sourceRoot": "", /* Specify the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations. */
// "mapRoot": "", /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */
// "inlineSourceMap": true, /* Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file. */
// "inlineSources": true, /* Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file; requires ‘--inlineSourceMap‘ or ‘--sourceMap‘ to be set. */
/* Experimental Options */
// "experimentalDecorators": true, /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. */
// "emitDecoratorMetadata": true, /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators. */
/* Advanced Options */
"skipLibCheck": true, /* Skip type checking of declaration files. */
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true /* Disallow inconsistently-cased references to the same file. */
},
"include": [
"src/**/*"
],
"exclude": [
"node_modules",
"**/*.spec.ts"
]
}
不带任何输入文件的情况下调用tsc，编译器会从当前目录开始去查找tsconfig.json文件，逐级向上搜索父目录。
因此我们通过tsc命令直接就可以运行src目录下的所有ts文件
修改输出文件所在目录： "outDir":"./dist"
npm init -y生成package.json文件 -y表示一路yes
修改package.json文件，如下：
{
"name": "hello-typescript",
"version": "0.0.1",
"description": "Learning TypeScript.",
"scripts": {
"start": "concurrently \"npm run tsc:w\" \"npm run lite\"",
"lite": "lite-server",
"tsc": "tsc",
"tsc:w": "tsc -w"
},
"author": "raiuny",
"license": "ISC",
"dependencies": {
"@types/node": "^16.7.1"
},
"devDependencies": {
"concurrently": "^6.2.1",
"lite-server": "^2.6.1"
},
"main": "app.js",
"keywords": []
}
此属性定义了当我们引用依赖时的文件地址。
不使用main属性的话我们可能需要这样写引用：require("some-module/dist/app.js")，如果我们在main属性中指定了dist/app.js的话，我们就可以直接引用依赖就可以了：require("some-module")
安装相关依赖
cnpm install
新建一个index.html文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>HelloTypeScript</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Hello TypeScript</h2>
</body>
<script src="./dist/test.js"></script>
<!-- 这里引入编译后生成的js文件 -->
</html>
新建src目录下的需要编译的ts文件
src/test.ts
function sayHello(person: string) {
return "hello " + person;
}
console.log("object :", sayHello("Typescript"));
运行
npm run start
执行后可以访问localhost:3000，展示的页面就是index.html，按下F12可以看到console上输出的结果。
PS: vscode上使用Code Run插件也可以直接运行ts文件，需要先安装ts-node
cnpm install ts-node -g