云主机扩容
拥有一个200G的硬盘空闲，未挂载，现需利用起来
/home /usr/local/src /var/lib/docker 分别分配40G，剩下的先闲置，后续按需求增加
pvcreate: command not found
yum -y install lvm2 #解决 [root@centos home]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 -bash: pvcreate: command not found
查看现有磁盘容量情况
[root@centos home]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.9G 8.5M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/vda2 36G 2.1G 32G 7% / tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0
查看可用的硬盘
[root@centos home]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT vda 253:0 0 40G 0 disk ├─vda1 253:1 0 4G 0 part [SWAP] └─vda2 253:2 0 36G 0 part / vdb 253:16 0 200G 0 disk #vdb就是新增的硬盘
查看磁盘路径，方便下一步操作
[root@centos home]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000bcc64 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 2048 8390655 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/vda2 * 8390656 83886046 37747695+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes #Disk /dev/vdb: 214.7 GB中间，/dev/vdb为磁盘路径
通过fdisk工具将各物理磁盘或分区的系统类型设为Linux LVM
[root@centos home]# fdisk /dev/vdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-419430399, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399, default 419430399): Using default value 419430399 Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 200 GiB is set Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux LVM‘ Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/vdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0xf96ee173 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdb1 2048 419430399 209714176 8e Linux LVM Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
将各物理磁盘或分区初始化为PV（physical volume，物理卷）
1、创建物理卷
[root@centos home]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1 WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/vdb1 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y Wiping xfs signature on /dev/vdb1. Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created. #删除物理卷：例 pvremove /dev/sdb1
2、扫描当前系统上的所有物理卷
[root@centos home]# pvscan PV /dev/vdb1 lvm2 [<200.00 GiB] Total: 1 [<200.00 GiB] / in use: 0 [0 ] / in no VG: 1 [<200.00 GiB]
创建VG（volume group，卷组）
[root@centos home]# vgcreate centos /dev/vdb1 Volume group "centos" successfully created
查看卷组属性
[root@centos home]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size <200.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 51199 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 51199 / <200.00 GiB VG UUID v6i653-rLEZ-3RLU-jGpm-ZDOe-UBmQ-wyluxb
通过增加物理卷实现扩展LVM卷组容量
[root@centos home]# vgextend centos /dev/vdb2
通过删除物理卷实现减少LVM卷组容量
[root@centos home]# vgreduce centos /dev/vdb2
删除LVM卷组，强制删除centos卷组，卷组中逻辑卷必须离线
[root@centos home]# vgremove -f centos
创建逻辑卷
lvcreate -L：指定大小 -n：指定名称 卷组
[root@centos home]# lvcreate -L 40G -n home centos Logical volume "home" created. [root@centos home]# lvcreate -L 40G -n src centos Logical volume "src" created. [root@centos home]# lvcreate -L 40G -n docker centos Logical volume "docker" created.
显示逻辑卷属性
[root@centos home]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/home LV Name home VG Name centos LV UUID bXIM25-77dt-cxW6-5eyd-X7Vr-1zQU-2OIde3 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time centos, 2021-08-24 15:27:58 +0800 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 40.00 GiB Current LE 10240 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 252:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/src LV Name src VG Name centos LV UUID 2EnC7U-T78n-q8CM-IBBN-d1ZW-EfHa-s8D5Gk LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time centos, 2021-08-24 15:29:52 +0800 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 40.00 GiB Current LE 10240 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 252:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/docker LV Name docker VG Name centos LV UUID LoddQz-yITi-0qP9-iGku-aexY-L5Dk-bK3PEf LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time centos, 2021-08-24 15:30:14 +0800 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 40.00 GiB Current LE 10240 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 252:2
扩展逻辑卷大小
[root@centos home]# lvextend -L +10G /dev/centos/home
缩小逻辑卷大小
[root@centos home]# lvreduce -L 10G /dev/centos/home
删除逻辑卷
[root@centos home]# lvremove -f /dev/centos/home
格式化逻辑卷
[root@centos home]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/centos/home mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 2621440 inodes, 10485760 blocks 524288 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2157969408 320 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
显示格式化后的文件格式
[root@centos home]# lsblk -f NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT vda ├─vda1 swap 995a500d-eecf-4bc6-88cf-e700c15a2250 [SWAP] └─vda2 ext4 950d2628-76ab-47b8-ac48-d349cb5d670c / vdb └─vdb1 LVM2_member 5S9ait-Qt4u-uDUu-SHnw-Yxfe-A5Lp-ZK9wNC ├─centos-home ext4 b458697a-72c0-40c0-95a5-e262ac1d21ac ├─centos-src ext4 42c172db-b0a0-460b-aac4-5f5b665a3640 └─centos-docker ext4 a8298a94-4f82-47d5-86fa-dc5a66b50a62
挂载逻辑卷
#查询逻辑卷路径 [root@centos home]# fdisk -l #挂载 [root@centos home]# mount /dev/mapper/centos-src /usr/local/src [root@centos home]# mount /dev/mapper/centos-home /home