如何将不同类型数据导入Elaticsearch中？

2022-01-19 12:05:16

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Elaticsearch的原理明白了以后，手头有很多不同类型的数据，如:
1）单条数据，如程序中自己构造的JSON格式数据；
2）符合Elasticsearch索引规范的批量数据；
3）日志文件，格式*.log;
4）结构化数据，存储在mysql、oracle等关系型数据库中；
5）非结构化数据，存储在mongo中；
如何将这些数据导入到Elasticsearch中呢？接下来，本文将逐个介绍。

1、单条索引导入elasticsearch

该方法类似mysql的insert 语句，用于插入一条数据。

[root@yang json_input]# curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.1.1:9200/blog/article/1' -d '
> {
> "title":"New version of Elasticsearch released!",
> "content":"Version 1.0 released today!",
> "tags":["announce","elasticsearch","release"]
> }'

结果查看如下所示：

[root@yang json_input]# curl -XGET 'http://192.168.1.1:9200/blog/article/1?pretty'
{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "article",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
  "title" : "New version of Elasticsearch released!",
  "content" : "Version 1.0 released today!",
  "tags" : [ "announce", "elasticsearch", "release" ]
  }
}

图形化显示如下：

2、批量索引导入到 elasticsearch。

（1）索引结构映射

类似于SQL创建模式描述数据，Mapping控制并定义结构。

[root@yang json_input]# cat mapping.json
{
"book" : {
"_all": {
"enabled": false
},
"properties" : {
"author" : {
"type" : "string"
},
"characters" : {
"type" : "string"
},
"copies" : {
"type" : "long",
"ignore_malformed" : false
},
"otitle" : {
"type" : "string"
},
"tags" : {
"type" : "string"
},
"title" : {
"type" : "string"
},
"year" : {
"type" : "long",
"ignore_malformed" : false,
"index" : "analyzed"
},
"available" : {
"type" : "boolean"
}
}
}
}
[root@yang json_input]# curl -XPUT 'http://110.0.11.120:9200/library/book/_mapping' -d @mapping.json
{"acknowledged":true}

（2）批量索引，将构造好的JSON信息和数据导入elasticsearch

Elasticsearch可以合并多个请求至单个包中，而这些包可以单个请求的形式传送。如此，可以将多个操作结合起来：

1）在索引中增加或更换现有文档（index）；
2）从索引中移除文档（delete）；
3）当索引中不存在其他文档定义时，在索引中增加新文档（create)。

为了获得较高的处理效率，选择这样的请求格式。它假定，请求的每一行包含描述操作说明的JSON对象，第二行为JSON对象本身。

可以把第一行看做信息行，第二行行为数据行。唯一的例外是Delete操作，它只包含信息行。

举例如下：

[root@yang json_input]# cat documents_03.json
{ "index": {"_index": "library", "_type": "book", "_id": "1"}}
{ "title": "All Quiet on the Western Front","otitle": "Im Westen nichts Neues","author": "Erich Maria Remarque","year": 1929,"characters": ["Paul Bäumer", "Albert Kropp", "Haie Westhus", "Fredrich Müller", "Stanislaus Katczinsky", "Tjaden"],"tags": ["novel"],"copies": 1, "available": true, "section" : 3}
{ "index": {"_index": "library", "_type": "book", "_id": "2"}}
{ "title": "Catch-22","author": "Joseph Heller","year": 1961,"characters": ["John Yossarian", "Captain Aardvark", "Chaplain Tappman", "Colonel Cathcart", "Doctor Daneeka"],"tags": ["novel"],"copies": 6, "available" : false, "section" : 1}
{ "index": {"_index": "library", "_type": "book", "_id": "3"}}
{ "title": "The Complete Sherlock Holmes","author": "Arthur Conan Doyle","year": 1936,"characters": ["Sherlock Holmes","Dr. Watson", "G. Lestrade"],"tags": [],"copies": 0, "available" : false, "section" : 12}
{ "index": {"_index": "library", "_type": "book", "_id": "4"}}
{ "title": "Crime and Punishment","otitle": "Преступлéние и наказáние","author": "Fyodor Dostoevsky","year": 1886,"characters": ["Raskolnikov", "Sofia Semyonovna Marmeladova"],"tags": [],"copies": 0, "available" : true}

为了执行批量请求，Elasticsearch提供了_bulk端点，形式是/_bulk，或者是/index_name/_bulk, 甚至是/index_name/type_name/_bulk。

Elasticsearch会返回每个操作的具体的信息，因此对于大批量的请求，响应也是巨大的。

（3）执行结果如下所示：

[root@yang json_input]# curl -s -XPOST '10.0.1.30:9200/_bulk' --data-binary @documents_03.json
{"took":150,"errors":false,"items":[{"index":{"_index":"library","_type":"book","_id":"1","_version":1,"_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},"status":201}},{"index":{"_index":"library","_type":"book","_id":"2","_version":1,"_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},"status":201}},{"index":{"_index":"library","_type":"book","_id":"3","_version":1,"_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},"status":201}},{"index":{"_index":"library","_type":"book","_id":"4","_version":1,"_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},"status":201}}]}

执行结果如下图所示：

3、使用Logstash将 log文件导入elasticsearch

以下以项目实战的 MprobeDebug.log导入到ES中。

[root@yang logstash_conf]# tail -f MrobeDebug.log
[DEBUG][2015-07-23 23:59:58,138] : After CurProbe.Update()....lineNo:233, function:main
[DEBUG][2015-07-23 23:59:58,594] : lineNo:960, function:MNetworker::MessageTranslator, revoke nMsgRes = m_MsgPool.PeekMessage(CurMsg);
[DEBUG][2015-07-23 23:59:58,608] : ProbeTaskType_FTP lineNo:148, function:TempProbe::Update
........

核心配置文件要求如下：

[root@yang logstash_conf]# cat three.conf
input {
file {
path=> "/opt/logstash/bin/logstash_conf/MrobeDebug.log"
type=>"ttlog"
}
}

output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => "110.10.11.120:9200"
index => "tt_index"
}
stdout { codec => json_lines }
}

导入结果如下：
合计导入数据：200414条。

4、从Mysql/Oracle关系型数据库向Elasticsearch导入数据

参见：

http://blog.csdn.net/laoyang360/article/details/51747266
http://blog.csdn.net/laoyang360/article/details/51824617

5、从MongoDB非关系型数据库向Elasticsearch导入数据

参见：

http://blog.csdn.net/laoyang360/article/details/51842822

使用插件：mongo-connector
1）mongo与副本集成员连接
2）初始化副本集配置
3）Mongo与ES同步操作

作者：铭毅天下
转载请标明出处，原文地址：
http://blog.csdn.net/laoyang360/article/details/52304223

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