基本概念
HttpListener提供一个简单的、可通过编程方式控制的 HTTP 协议侦听器。通过它可以很容易的提供一些Http服务,而无需启动IIS这类大型服务程序。
注意:该类仅在运行 Windows XP SP2 或 Windows Server 2003 操作系统的计算机上可用。
使用Http服务一般步骤如下:
1 创建一个HTTP侦听器对象并初始化
2 添加需要监听的URI 前缀
3 开始侦听来自客户端的请求
4 处理客户端的Http请求
5 关闭HTTP侦听器
其中3,4两步可以循环处理,以提供多客户多次请求的服务。
创建一个HTTP侦听器对象
创建HTTP侦听器对象只需要新建一个HttpListener对象即可。
HttpListener listener = new HttpListener();
初始化需要经过如下两步
添加需要监听的URL范围至listener.Prefixes中,可以通过如下函数实现:
listener.Prefixes.Add(prefix) //prefix必须以'/'结尾
调用listener.Start()实现端口的绑定,并开始监听客户端的需求。
接受HTTP请求
在.net2.0中,通过HttpListenerContext对象提供对HttpListener类使用的请求和响应对象的访问。
获取HttpListenerContext的最简单方式如下:
HttpListenerContext context = listener.GetContext();
该方法将阻塞调用函数至接收到一个客户端请求为止,如果要提高响应速度,可使用异步方法listener.BeginGetContext()来实现HttpListenerContext对象的获取。
处理HTTP请求
获取HttpListenerContext后,可通过Request属性获取表示客户端请求的对象,通过Response属性取表示 HttpListener 将要发送到客户端的响应的对象。
HttpListenerRequest request = context.Request;
HttpListenerResponse response = context.Response;
这里的HttpListenerRequest对象和HttpListenerResponse对象和Asp中的Request和Response的使用方式类似,这里就不多说了,具体的使用可以参看下面的例子。
关闭HTTP侦听器
通过调用listener.Stop()函数即可关闭侦听器,并释放相关资源
异步方法listener
====== 异步方法listener ======
- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.Linq;
- using System.Text;
- using System.Net;
- using System.Net.Sockets;
- using DevSDK.Net.Sockets;
- using System.IO;
- namespace ConsoleApplication1
- {
- class Program
- {
- static HttpListener sSocket = null;
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- sSocket = new HttpListener();
- sSocket.Prefixes.Add("http://127.0.0.1:8080/");
- sSocket.Start();
- sSocket.BeginGetContext(new AsyncCallback(GetContextCallBack), sSocket);
- Console.Read();
- }
- static void GetContextCallBack(IAsyncResult ar)
- {
- try
- {
- sSocket = ar.AsyncState as HttpListener;
- HttpListenerContext context = sSocket.EndGetContext(ar);
- sSocket.BeginGetContext(new AsyncCallback(GetContextCallBack), sSocket);
- Console.WriteLine(context.Request.Url.PathAndQuery);
- //其它处理code
- }
- catch { }
- }
- }
- }
非异步方法listener
====== C# 利用HttpListener监听处理Http请求 ======
- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.Linq;
- using System.Text;
- using System.Net;
- using System.Net.Sockets;
- using System.IO;
- using System.Xml.Serialization;
- using System.Threading;
- using System.Web;
- namespace Test
- {
- class Program
- {
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- try
- {
- HttpListener listerner = new HttpListener();
- {
- for (; true; )
- {
- try
- {
- listerner.AuthenticationSchemes = AuthenticationSchemes.Anonymous;//指定身份验证 Anonymous匿名访问
- listerner.Prefixes.Add("http://192.168.1.10:1500/ApiService/");
- listerner.Start();
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("未能成功连接服务器.....");
- listerner = new HttpListener();
- continue;
- }
- break;
- }
- Console.WriteLine("服务器启动成功.......");
- int maxThreadNum, portThreadNum;
- //线程池
- int minThreadNum;
- ThreadPool.GetMaxThreads(out maxThreadNum, out portThreadNum);
- ThreadPool.GetMinThreads(out minThreadNum, out portThreadNum);
- Console.WriteLine("最大线程数:{0}", maxThreadNum);
- Console.WriteLine("最小空闲线程数:{0}", minThreadNum);
- Console.WriteLine("\n\n等待客户连接中。。。。");
- while (true)
- {
- //等待请求连接
- //没有请求则GetContext处于阻塞状态
- HttpListenerContext ctx = listerner.GetContext();
- ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(TaskProc), ctx);
- }
- con.Close();
- listerner.Stop();
- }
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
- Console.Write("Press any key to continue . . . ");
- Console.ReadKey( );
- }
- }
- static void TaskProc(object o)
- {
- HttpListenerContext ctx = (HttpListenerContext)o;
- ctx.Response.StatusCode = 200;//设置返回给客服端http状态代码
- string type = ctx.Request.QueryString["type"];
- string userId = ctx.Request.QueryString["userId"];
- string password = ctx.Request.QueryString["password"];
- string filename = Path.GetFileName(ctx.Request.RawUrl);
- string userName = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(filename).Get("userName");//避免中文乱码
- //进行处理
- //使用Writer输出http响应代码
- using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(ctx.Response.OutputStream))
- {
- writer.Write(“处理结果”);
- writer.Close();
- ctx.Response.Close();
- }
- }
- }
- }
Android客户端:
- public static void Register(final Handler handler, final Context context,
- final String userId, final String userName,final int groupId, final String password){
- new Thread(new Runnable(){
- public void run() {
- if(!CommonTools.checkNetwork(context)){
- Message msg = new Message();
- msg.what = Signal.NETWORK_ERR;
- handler.sendMessage(msg);
- return;
- }
- try {
- String content = "";
- String tmp = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(userName, "utf-8"); //防止中文乱码
- URL url = new URL(URL+"?type=Register&userId="+userId+"&password="+password+"&groupId="+groupId+"&userName="+tmp);
- // HttpURLConnection
- HttpURLConnection httpconn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- if (httpconn.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
- InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(httpconn.getInputStream(), "utf-8");
- int i;
- // read
- while ((i = isr.read()) != -1) {
- content = content + (char) i;
- }
- isr.close();
- }
- //disconnect
- httpconn.disconnect();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }//run
- }).start();//thread
- }
注意:
1.中文乱码问题
在客户端采用如下形式
String tmp = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(userName, "utf-8"); //防止中文乱码
服务器端
string filename = Path.GetFileName(ctx.Request.RawUrl);
string userName = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(filename).Get("userName");//避免中文乱码
服务器端需要引入: using System.Web;
此时可能提示找不到库,则在项目右键添加引用 找到 System.Web.dll勾选即可
2.[System.Net.HttpListenerException] = {"拒绝访问。"}问题
如果是win7或者win8,在cmd.exe上右键,以管理员身份运行,然后执行下面的命令
netsh http add urlacl url=http://本机IP:1500/ user=用户名(如Administrator)
3.记得关闭防火墙,或者只开放指定端口,步骤如下:
step1、点击控制面板
step2、选择windows防火墙,点击高级设置
step3、在弹出的“高级安全windows防火墙”点击“入站规则”,在右侧“操作”栏点击“入站规则”下的“新建规则…”,此时会弹出一个窗口让你设置。剩下的就非常傻瓜化了。
step4、弹出“新建入站规则向导”-规则类型-选中“端口”,点击下一步。选择规则应用的协议“TCP/UDP”如果是TCP你就选择TCP,UDP就选择UDP。再勾选“特定本地端口”在文本框输入您想开放的端口号(例如1521)。
step5、点击下一步,到“连接符合指定条件时应该进行什么操作?”选择“允许连接”。点击下一步到“配置文件”何时应用该规则,勾选“域”、“专用”、“公用”点击下一步。
step6、配置规则名称,随便输入你自己认为好记的规则名称即可。
非异步方法listener 自开线程处理请求
====== 非异步方法listener 自开线程处理请求 ======
- using System;
- using System.IO;
- using System.Net;
- using System.Text;
- using System.Threading;
- namespace HttpHelper
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// HTTP请求监听
- /// </summary>
- public class HttpListeners
- {
- private static HttpListener _httpListener;
- static readonly int Port = 1005;
- static HttpListeners()
- {
- ListenerStart();
- }
- private static bool ListenerStop()
- {
- try
- {
- if (_httpListener != null)
- {
- //LogInfo("停止监听端口:" + Port);
- _httpListener.Stop();
- }
- return true;
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- //LogError(e.Message + e.StackTrace);
- return false;
- }
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 监听端口
- /// </summary>
- private static void ListenerStart()
- {
- try
- {
- _httpListener = new HttpListener { AuthenticationSchemes = AuthenticationSchemes.Anonymous };
- _httpListener.Prefixes.Add(string.Format("http://+:{0}/",Port));
- _httpListener.Start();
- //LogInfo("开始监听端口:" + Port);
- while (true)
- {
- try
- {
- //监听客户端的连接,线程阻塞,直到有客户端连接为止
- var client = _httpListener.GetContext();
- new Thread(HandleRequest).StartAsync(client);
- }
- catch (Exception ex)
- {
- //LogError(ex.Message + ex.StackTrace);
- }
- }
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- //LogError(e.Message + e.StackTrace);
- Environment.Exit(0);
- }
- }
- private static void HandleRequest(object obj)
- {
- var client = obj as HttpListenerContext;
- if (client == null) return;
- try
- {
- var coding = Encoding.UTF8;
- var request = client.Request;
- // 取得回应对象
- var response = client.Response;
- response.StatusCode = 200;
- response.ContentEncoding = coding;
- Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} HTTP/1.1", request.HttpMethod, request.RawUrl);
- Console.WriteLine("Accept: {0}", string.Join(",", request.AcceptTypes));
- Console.WriteLine("Accept-Language: {0}",
- string.Join(",", request.UserLanguages));
- Console.WriteLine("User-Agent: {0}", request.UserAgent);
- Console.WriteLine("Accept-Encoding: {0}", request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"]);
- Console.WriteLine("Connection: {0}",
- request.KeepAlive ? "Keep-Alive" : "close");
- Console.WriteLine("Host: {0}", request.UserHostName);
- Console.WriteLine("Pragma: {0}", request.Headers["Pragma"]);
- // 构造回应内容
- string responseString = @"<html><head><title>HttpListener Test</title></head><body><div>Hello, world.</div></body></html>";
- byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(responseString);
- //对客户端输出相应信息.
- response.ContentLength64 = buffer.Length;
- Stream output = response.OutputStream;
- output.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
- //关闭输出流,释放相应资源
- output.Close();
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- //LogError(e.Message + e.StackTrace);
- }
- finally
- {
- try
- {
- client.Response.Close();
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- //LogError(e.Message);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
=== ThreadHelper ===
- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.Linq;
- using System.Text;
- using System.Threading;
- using System.Threading.Tasks;
- namespace HttpHelper
- {
- public static class ThreadHelper
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 开启同步多线程
- /// </summary>
- public static void StartSync(this IEnumerable<Thread> threads, object startPara = null, Func<object, object> callback = null)
- {
- var ts = threads.ToArray();
- //启动线程
- foreach (var thread in ts)
- {
- if (!thread.IsBackground)
- {
- thread.IsBackground = true;
- }
- var times = 0;
- while (thread.ThreadState == (ThreadState.Background | ThreadState.Unstarted) && times < 10)
- {
- try
- {
- if (startPara == null)
- {
- thread.Start();
- }
- else
- {
- thread.Start(startPara);
- }
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- times++;
- }
- Thread.Sleep(100);
- }
- }
- Thread.Sleep(2000);
- //等待全部结束
- foreach (var thread in ts)
- {
- try
- {
- thread.Join();
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- }
- }
- if (callback != null)
- {
- callback(startPara);
- }
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 开启多线程
- /// </summary>
- public static void StartAsync(this IEnumerable<Thread> threads, object startPara = null, Func<object, object> callback = null)
- {
- var ts = threads.ToArray();
- //启动线程
- foreach (var thread in ts)
- {
- if (!thread.IsBackground)
- {
- thread.IsBackground = true;
- }
- var times = 0;
- while (thread.ThreadState == (ThreadState.Background | ThreadState.Unstarted) && times < 10)
- {
- try
- {
- if (startPara == null)
- {
- thread.Start();
- }
- else
- {
- thread.Start(startPara);
- }
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- times++;
- }
- Thread.Sleep(100);
- }
- }
- if (callback != null)
- {
- callback(startPara);
- }
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 开启同步线程
- /// </summary>
- public static void StartSync(this Thread thread, object parameter = null)
- {
- try
- {
- if (!thread.IsBackground)
- {
- thread.IsBackground = true;
- }
- if (parameter == null)
- {
- thread.Start();
- }
- else
- {
- thread.Start(parameter);
- }
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- }
- Thread.Sleep(1000);
- try
- {
- thread.Join();
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- }
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 开启带超时的同步线程
- /// </summary>
- public static void StartSyncTimeout(this Thread thread, int timeoutSeconds, object parameter = null)
- {
- try
- {
- if (!thread.IsBackground)
- {
- thread.IsBackground = true;
- }
- if (parameter == null)
- {
- thread.Start();
- }
- else
- {
- thread.Start(parameter);
- }
- thread.Join(timeoutSeconds * 1000);
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- }
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 开启异步线程
- /// </summary>
- public static void StartAsync(this Thread thread, object parameter = null)
- {
- try
- {
- if (!thread.IsBackground)
- {
- thread.IsBackground = true;
- }
- if (parameter == null)
- {
- thread.Start();
- }
- else
- {
- thread.Start(parameter);
- }
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- }
- }
- }
- }
=== end ===