查询监控项历史数据，最常见的办法就是在页面查询，但是页面只能展现最近的500个数值，如果要查询历史数据比较久远或要形成数据表格进行分析，这个办法就不适用了，但是利用zabbix—API查询zabbix监控项历史数据就可以满足这一需求，只需要指定查询的起止时间及监控项，就能以数据的形式进行输出，便于业务侧分析此期间的性能指标是否正常

具体脚本讲解如下：

#coding:utf-8

#给定主机IP获取一段时间内cpu的均值和峰值并写入文件(txt，可以跑完后直接把后缀名改为csv以表格形式打开)；需要指定IP文件
import requests
import json
import csv
import time

def get_token():
    data = {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
        "method": "user.login",
        "params": {
            "user": username,
            "password": password
        },
        "id": 0
    }
    r = requests.get(zaurl, headers=header, data=json.dumps(data))
    auth = json.loads(r.text)
    return auth["result"]

def item_get(token, host, itemkey):
    data = {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
        "method": "item.get",
        "params": {
            "host": host,
            "search": {
                "key_": itemkey
            },
        },
        "auth": token,
        "id": 1
    }

    request = requests.post(zaurl, data=json.dumps(data), headers=header)
    dict = json.loads(request.content)
#    print(dict)
    return dict[‘result‘][0][‘itemid‘]

def getdata(token,itemid, start, stop):
    data = {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
        "method": "history.get",
        "params": {
            "output": "extend",
            "itemids": itemid,
            "history": 0,
            "time_from":start,
            "time_till":stop
        },
        "id": 2,
        "auth": token,

    }
    request = requests.post(zaurl, headers=header, data=json.dumps(data))
    dict = json.loads(request.content)
    print(dict)
    return dict[‘result‘]

def timecovert(stringtime):
    timeArray = time.strptime(stringtime, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    timeStamp = int(time.mktime(timeArray))
    return timeStamp

if __name__ == "__main__":
    zaurl = "http://IP/api_jsonrpc.php"  # 访问zabbix页面的url
    header = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    username = "xxx" #zabbix的账户与密码
    password = "xxx"
    hostfile="ip.txt"
    token = get_token()
    starttime = "2020-05-24 11:30:00" #查询历史数据的起止时间
    stoptime = "2020-05-24 12:30:00"
    start = timecovert(starttime)
    stop = timecovert(stoptime)
#生成一个txt文件
    datafile = "/home/dwchenrongbin/linfan/data.txt"
    fdata = open(datafile,‘w‘)
    with open(hostfile, "r") as f:
        f1 = f.readlines()
        for ips in f1:
            host = ips.replace(‘\n‘, ‘‘).strip()
            # 修改参数
#以下例子为cpu
            itemkey = ["cpu_use_ag"]  #要查询监控项的KEY值
            itemid = item_get(token, host, itemkey)
            data = getdata(token,itemid,start,stop)
            if data:
                valuelist = []
                for i in data:
                    valuelist.append(float(i["value"]))
                avge = sum(valuelist)/len(valuelist)  #查询周期内的平均值
                max1 = max(valuelist)   #查询周期内的最大值
                fdata.write(host + ‘,‘ + str(round(avge,2)) + ‘,‘ + str(round(max1,2)) + ‘\n‘)
                print (host, avge, max1,valuelist)  #打印出 主机名、平均值、最大值、历史数据
            else:
                print (host)
    fdata.close()

以下是我根据脚本输出整理的Excel表历史数据（IP已被我过滤掉）

利用zabbix—API查询zabbix监控项历史数据、均值、峰值详细讲解