一、修改密码

1. alter user hr identified by hr;
2. password/passw hr；

SYS@test>password hr
Changing password for hr
New password:
Retype new password:
Password changed

二、11g默认密码区分大小写

SYS@test>alter user hr identified by HR;

User altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.02
SYS@test>conn hr/hr;
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

主要是有参数SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON决定的。

SYS@test>show parameter SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
sec_case_sensitive_logon             boolean     TRUE

参数的官方解释：

SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON

Property
Description

Parameter type
Boolean

Default value
true

Modifiable
ALTER SYSTEM

Range of values
true | false

Basic
No

SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON enables or disables password case sensitivity in the database.

Values:

• true

  Database logon passwords are case sensitive.

• false

  Database logon passwords are not case sensitive.

三、密码有效期

SYS@test>select * from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT';

PROFILE                        RESOURCE_NAME                    RESOURCE LIMIT
------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------------------
DEFAULT                        COMPOSITE_LIMIT                  KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        SESSIONS_PER_USER                KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        CPU_PER_SESSION                  KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        CPU_PER_CALL                     KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION        KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL           KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        IDLE_TIME                        KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        CONNECT_TIME                     KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        PRIVATE_SGA                      KERNEL   UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS            PASSWORD 10
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME               PASSWORD 180
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME              PASSWORD UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX               PASSWORD UNLIMITED
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION         PASSWORD NULL
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME               PASSWORD 1
DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME              PASSWORD 7

取消限制--防止应用用户的密码过期被锁问题。

SYS@test>alter profile default limit password_life_time UNLIMITED;

Profile altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.04

四、强制密码复杂度

1. sys用户

   SYS@test>@?/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg

   Function created.

   Elapsed: 00:00:00.06

   Grant succeeded.

   Elapsed: 00:00:00.03

   Profile altered.

   Elapsed: 00:00:00.02

   Function created.

   Elapsed: 00:00:00.01

   Grant succeeded.

   Elapsed: 00:00:00.02

   主要是创建函数verify_function_11G，有兴趣可以看看创建脚本。

2. 启用
   11g  --alter profile default limit password_verify_function verify_function_11g;

10g  --alter profile default limit password_verify_function verify_function;

SYS@test>alter profile default limit password_verify_function verify_function_11g;

Profile altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.02
SYS@test>passw hr
Changing password for hr
New password:
Retype new password:
ERROR:
ORA-28003: password verification for the specified password failed
ORA-20001: Password length less than 8

Password unchanged

3.禁用
         alter profile default limit password_verify_function null;