刷题15. 3Sum

一、题目说明

题目非常简洁15. 3Sum,读懂题目后,理解不难。

但 实话说,我们提交代码后,Time Limit Exceeded,最主要的是给了非常长的测试用例,我本地运行后87秒,确实时间非常长。

二、我的解答及问题

下面是我的解答代码,通过该例子可以学习如何写测试代码:

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
class Solution{
    public:
        inline bool checkExist(vector<int>&nums,vector< vector<int> > &res){
            vector<int> vec_tmp;
            for(vector< vector<int>>::iterator iter=res.begin();iter!=res.end();++iter){
                vec_tmp = *iter;
                if(nums[0]==vec_tmp[0] && nums[1]==vec_tmp[1])
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
        vector< vector<int> > threeSum(vector<int>&nums){
            vector< vector<int> > result;
            if(nums.size() < 3)   return result;
            unordered_map<int,int>ump;
            sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
            vector<int> vec_tmp;
            
            for(int i=0;i<nums.size();i++){
                ump[nums[i]] = i;
            }
            
            for(int i=0;i<nums.size()-2;i++){
                for(int j=i+1;j<nums.size()-1;j++){
                    const int gap = (0 - nums[i] - nums[j]);
                    if(ump.find(gap) != ump.end() && ump[gap]>j){
                        vec_tmp = {nums[i],nums[j],gap};
                        if(!checkExist(vec_tmp, result)){
                            result.push_back(vec_tmp);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            return result; 
        }
};
int main(){
    Solution s;
    vector<int> v =  {-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4};
    vector< vector<int> > r = s.threeSum(v);
    vector<int> vec_tmp;
    for(vector< vector<int>>::iterator iter=r.begin();iter!=r.end();++iter){
        vec_tmp = *iter;
        for(vector<int>::iterator it=vec_tmp.begin();it!=vec_tmp.end();++it){
            cout<<*it<<" ";
        }
        cout<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

这个里面,我用了twoSum的思路,用了unordered_map查找加速。但还是超时了,最主要的原因在于本题目用了双重循环。

经过多次优化,终于正确了,不过性能太差:

Runtime: 608 ms, faster than 5.03% of C++ online submissions for 3Sum.
Memory Usage: 21.1 MB, less than 8.83% of C++ online submissions for 3Sum.
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
class Solution{
    public:
        vector< vector<int> > threeSum(vector<int>&nums){
            vector< vector<int> > result;
            if(nums.size() < 3)   return result;
            unordered_map<int,int>ump;
            unordered_map<string,int> uniq;
            sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
            
            for(int i=0;i<nums.size();i++){
                ump[nums[i]] = i;
            }
            
            for(int i=0;i<nums.size()-2;i++){
                if(i>0 && nums[i]==nums[i-1])    continue;
                for(int j=i+1;j<nums.size()-1;j++){
                    const int gap = (0 - nums[i] - nums[j]);
                    if(ump.find(gap) != ump.end() && ump[gap]>j){
                        string str=to_string(nums[i]) + to_string(nums[j])+ to_string(gap);
                        if(uniq.find(str) == uniq.end() || uniq[str]!=1){
                            result.push_back({nums[i],nums[j],gap});
                            uniq[str] = 1;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            return result; 
        }
};
int main(){
    Solution s;
    vector<int> v =  {-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4};
//  vector<int> v =  {0, 0, 0, 0};
    
    vector< vector<int> > r = s.threeSum(v);
    vector<int> vec_tmp;
    for(vector< vector<int>>::iterator iter=r.begin();iter!=r.end();++iter){
        vec_tmp = *iter;
        for(vector<int>::iterator it=vec_tmp.begin();it!=vec_tmp.end();++it){
            cout<<*it<<" ";
        }
        cout<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

三、正确的解答

网上找了一个性能还不错的实现,思路就是用left和right指示位置,然后求和。

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
class Solution{
    public:
    vector<vector<int>> threeSum(vector<int>& nums) {
        vector<vector<int>> ans;
        if(nums.size() < 3)   return ans;
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        for(int i=0; i < nums.size()-2; i++){
            if(i>0 && nums[i]==nums[i-1])    continue;
            int target = -nums[i], l = i+1, r = nums.size()-1;
            while(l < r){
                if(nums[l] + nums[r] < target){
                    l++;
                }else if(nums[l] + nums[r] > target){
                    r--;
                }else{
                    ans.push_back({nums[i], nums[l], nums[r]});
                    while(l<r && nums[l]==nums[++l]);
                    while(r>l && nums[r]==nums[--r]);
                }
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

int main(){
    Solution s;
    vector<int> v =  {-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4};
//  vector<int> v = 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    vector< vector<int> > r = s.threeSum(v);
    vector<int> vec_tmp;
    for(vector< vector<int>>::iterator iter=r.begin();iter!=r.end();++iter){
        vec_tmp = *iter;
        for(vector<int>::iterator it=vec_tmp.begin();it!=vec_tmp.end();++it){
            cout<<*it<<" ";
        }
        cout<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

这个长的测试用例,也用了30秒的时间。。。

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