一、题目说明
题目非常简洁15. 3Sum，读懂题目后，理解不难。
但 实话说，我们提交代码后，Time Limit Exceeded，最主要的是给了非常长的测试用例，我本地运行后87秒，确实时间非常长。
二、我的解答及问题
下面是我的解答代码，通过该例子可以学习如何写测试代码：
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
class Solution{
public:
inline bool checkExist(vector<int>&nums,vector< vector<int> > &res){
vector<int> vec_tmp;
for(vector< vector<int>>::iterator iter=res.begin();iter!=res.end();++iter){
vec_tmp = *iter;
if(nums[0]==vec_tmp[0] && nums[1]==vec_tmp[1])
return true;
}
return false;
}
vector< vector<int> > threeSum(vector<int>&nums){
vector< vector<int> > result;
if(nums.size() < 3) return result;
unordered_map<int,int>ump;
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
vector<int> vec_tmp;
for(int i=0;i<nums.size();i++){
ump[nums[i]] = i;
}
for(int i=0;i<nums.size()-2;i++){
for(int j=i+1;j<nums.size()-1;j++){
const int gap = (0 - nums[i] - nums[j]);
if(ump.find(gap) != ump.end() && ump[gap]>j){
vec_tmp = {nums[i],nums[j],gap};
if(!checkExist(vec_tmp, result)){
result.push_back(vec_tmp);
}
}
}
}
return result;
}
};
int main(){
Solution s;
vector<int> v = {-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4};
vector< vector<int> > r = s.threeSum(v);
vector<int> vec_tmp;
for(vector< vector<int>>::iterator iter=r.begin();iter!=r.end();++iter){
vec_tmp = *iter;
for(vector<int>::iterator it=vec_tmp.begin();it!=vec_tmp.end();++it){
cout<<*it<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}这个里面，我用了twoSum的思路，用了unordered_map查找加速。但还是超时了，最主要的原因在于本题目用了双重循环。
经过多次优化，终于正确了，不过性能太差：
Runtime: 608 ms, faster than 5.03% of C++ online submissions for 3Sum.
Memory Usage: 21.1 MB, less than 8.83% of C++ online submissions for 3Sum.#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
class Solution{
public:
vector< vector<int> > threeSum(vector<int>&nums){
vector< vector<int> > result;
if(nums.size() < 3) return result;
unordered_map<int,int>ump;
unordered_map<string,int> uniq;
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
for(int i=0;i<nums.size();i++){
ump[nums[i]] = i;
}
for(int i=0;i<nums.size()-2;i++){
if(i>0 && nums[i]==nums[i-1]) continue;
for(int j=i+1;j<nums.size()-1;j++){
const int gap = (0 - nums[i] - nums[j]);
if(ump.find(gap) != ump.end() && ump[gap]>j){
string str=to_string(nums[i]) + to_string(nums[j])+ to_string(gap);
if(uniq.find(str) == uniq.end() || uniq[str]!=1){
result.push_back({nums[i],nums[j],gap});
uniq[str] = 1;
}
}
}
}
return result;
}
};
int main(){
Solution s;
vector<int> v = {-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4};
// vector<int> v = {0, 0, 0, 0};
vector< vector<int> > r = s.threeSum(v);
vector<int> vec_tmp;
for(vector< vector<int>>::iterator iter=r.begin();iter!=r.end();++iter){
vec_tmp = *iter;
for(vector<int>::iterator it=vec_tmp.begin();it!=vec_tmp.end();++it){
cout<<*it<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}三、正确的解答
网上找了一个性能还不错的实现，思路就是用left和right指示位置，然后求和。
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
class Solution{
public:
vector<vector<int>> threeSum(vector<int>& nums) {
vector<vector<int>> ans;
if(nums.size() < 3) return ans;
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
for(int i=0; i < nums.size()-2; i++){
if(i>0 && nums[i]==nums[i-1]) continue;
int target = -nums[i], l = i+1, r = nums.size()-1;
while(l < r){
if(nums[l] + nums[r] < target){
l++;
}else if(nums[l] + nums[r] > target){
r--;
}else{
ans.push_back({nums[i], nums[l], nums[r]});
while(l<r && nums[l]==nums[++l]);
while(r>l && nums[r]==nums[--r]);
}
}
}
return ans;
}
};
int main(){
Solution s;
vector<int> v = {-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4};
// vector<int> v = 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vector< vector<int> > r = s.threeSum(v);
vector<int> vec_tmp;
for(vector< vector<int>>::iterator iter=r.begin();iter!=r.end();++iter){
vec_tmp = *iter;
for(vector<int>::iterator it=vec_tmp.begin();it!=vec_tmp.end();++it){
cout<<*it<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}这个长的测试用例，也用了30秒的时间。。。