在对话框程序中,我们经常是利用对话框上的子控件进行命令响应来处理一些事件。如果我们想要让对话框(子控件的父窗口)类来响应我们的按键消息,我们可以通过ClassWizard对WM_KEYDOWN消息进行响应,当程序运行后,我们按下键盘上的按键,但对话框不会有任何的反应。这是因为在对话框程序中,某些特定的消息,例如按键消息,它们被Windows内部的对话框过程处理了(即在基类中完成了处理,有兴趣的读者可以查看MFC的源代码),或者被发送给子控件进行处理,所以我们在对话框类中就捕获不到按键的消息了。既然我们知道了这个处理的过程,我们就可以找到底层处理按键消息的函数,然后在子类中重载它,就可以在对话框程序中处理按键消息了。在MFC中,是利用BOOL ProcessMessageFilter(intcode, LPMSG lpMsg)这个虚函数来过滤或响应菜单和对话框的特定Windows消息。下面我们通过程序给大家演示基于对话框的应用程序对WM_KEYDOWN消息的捕获。
第一步:新建一个工程,选择MFC AppWizard (exe),工程名为WinSun,点击ok,进入下一步,选择Dialog based,点击Finish。
第二步:在CWinSunApp类上点击右键,选择Add Member Varialbe,增加一个类型为HWND,变量名m_hwndDlg的public的变量。代码如下:
WinSun.h class CWinSunApp : public CWinApp { public: HWND m_hwndDlg; CWinSunApp(); // Overrides // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CWinSunApp) public: virtual BOOL InitInstance(); //}}AFX_VIRTUAL // Implementation //{{AFX_MSG(CWinSunApp) // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here. // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code ! //}}AFX_MSG DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP() };
第三步:在WinSun.cpp(CWinSunApp类)文件中的InitInstance()函数中添加如下代码:
WinSun.cpp BOOL CWinSunApp::InitInstance() { AfxEnableControlContainer(); // Standard initialization // If you are not using these features and wish to reduce the size // of your final executable, you should remove from the following // the specific initialization routines you do not need. #ifdef _AFXDLL Enable3dControls(); // Call this when using MFC in a shared DLL #else Enable3dControlsStatic(); // Call this when linking to MFC statically #endif CWinSunDlg dlg; m_pMainWnd = &dlg; int nResponse = dlg.DoModal(); if (nResponse == IDOK) { // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is // dismissed with OK } else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL) { // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is // dismissed with Cancel } // Since the dialog has been closed, return FALSE so that we exit the // application, rather than start the application‘s message pump. m_hwndDlg=NULL; return FALSE; }
第四步:在CWinSunApp类上点击右键,选择Add Virtual Function,在左边一栏里,选择ProcessMessageFilter,在右边按钮上选择Add and Edit,然后加入以下代码:
WinSun.cpp BOOL CWinSunApp::ProcessMessageFilter(int code, LPMSG lpMsg) { // TODO: Add your specialized code here and/or call the base class if(m_hwndDlg!=NULL) { //判断消息,如果消息是从对话框发出的或者其子控件发出的,我们就进行处理。sunxin if((lpMsg->hwnd==m_hwndDlg) || ::IsChild(m_hwndDlg,lpMsg->hwnd)) { //如果消息是WM_KEYDOWN,我们就弹出一个消息框。sunxin if(lpMsg->message==WM_KEYDOWN) { AfxMessageBox("捕获WM_KEYDOWN消息成功!"); } } } return CWinApp::ProcessMessageFilter(code, lpMsg); }
第五步:在WinSunDlg.cpp(CWinSunDlg类)中的OnInitialDialog()函数中加入以下代码:
WinSunDlg.cpp BOOL CWinSunDlg::OnInitDialog() { CDialog::OnInitDialog(); // Add "About..." menu item to system menu. // IDM_ABOUTBOX must be in the system command range. ASSERT((IDM_ABOUTBOX & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX); ASSERT(IDM_ABOUTBOX < 0xF000); CMenu* pSysMenu = GetSystemMenu(FALSE); if (pSysMenu != NULL) { CString strAboutMenu; strAboutMenu.LoadString(IDS_ABOUTBOX); if (!strAboutMenu.IsEmpty()) { pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_SEPARATOR); pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_STRING, IDM_ABOUTBOX, strAboutMenu); } } // Set the icon for this dialog. The framework does this automatically // when the application‘s main window is not a dialog SetIcon(m_hIcon, TRUE); // Set big icon SetIcon(m_hIcon, FALSE); // Set small icon // TODO: Add extra initialization here //将对话框的句柄传递到CWinSunApp类中。sunxin ((CWinSunApp*)AfxGetApp())->m_hwndDlg=m_hWnd; return TRUE; // return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control }
第六步:在对话框窗口销毁后,将CWinSunApp类中的变量m_hwndDlg置为NULL,为此我们在CWinSunDlg类上点击右键,选择Add Windows Message Handler,在左边一栏中选择WM_DESTROY,在右边按钮上选择Add and Edit,然后加入以下代码:
WinSunDlg.cpp void CWinSunDlg::OnDestroy() { CDialog::OnDestroy(); // TODO: Add your message handler code here ((CWinSunApp*)AfxGetApp())->m_hwndDlg=NULL; }
至此,我们的工作就做完了,现在我们可以按Ctrl+F5运行程序,看到我们想要的结果。当然,如果我们想捕获WM_KEYUP或WM_CHAR消息,也是类似,这就交给读者下来自行完成了。