任务
链表的实现任务
实现目标:(1)实现一个链表
(2)链表可以增,删,改,查;
(3)可以输出信息;
实现过程:
(1)创建一个新的类,包含一个内部类作为链表的结点框架;
(2)创建构造函数,分别是一个参数的构造函数与无参数的构造函数;
(3)实现增功能,允许按照下标添加;
(4)实现查询功能,按照下标查询,按照给出元素查询;
(5)实现删除功能,按照下标删除某个元素,按照给出元素删除,删除所有元素;
(7)实现修改功能,按照下标修改,按照给出元素修改;
(8)实现输出函数;
重点:
(1)内部类的构建
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 内部类,作为链表的结点使用 3 /// </summary> 4 private class Node 5 { 6 //定义一个泛型的字段存储数据 7 public E e; 8 //定义链表的下一个结点指针 9 public Node next; 10 /// <summary> 11 /// 可以传入数据和一个结点指针的构造函数 12 /// </summary> 13 /// <param name="e"></param> 14 /// <param name="next"></param> 15 public Node(E e,Node next) 16 { 17 this.e = e; 18 this.next = next; 19 } 20 /// <summary> 21 /// 可以创建作为尾部的结点的构造函数 22 /// </summary> 23 /// <param name="e"></param> 24 public Node(E e) 25 { 26 this.e = e; 27 this.next = null; 28 } 29 /// <summary> 30 /// 打印该结点则返回该结点的E型数据 31 /// </summary> 32 /// <returns></returns> 33 public override string ToString() 34 { 35 return e.ToString(); 36 } 37 }View Code
该内部类支撑整个链表的运作。
(2)链表中各结点的衔接 细节需要注意
完整代码:
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Threading.Tasks; 6 7 namespace DataStructrue 8 { 9 class LinkedList1<E> 10 { 11 /// <summary> 12 /// 内部类,作为链表的结点使用 13 /// </summary> 14 private class Node 15 { 16 //定义一个泛型的字段存储数据 17 public E e; 18 //定义链表的下一个结点指针 19 public Node next; 20 /// <summary> 21 /// 可以传入数据和一个结点指针的构造函数 22 /// </summary> 23 /// <param name="e"></param> 24 /// <param name="next"></param> 25 public Node(E e,Node next) 26 { 27 this.e = e; 28 this.next = next; 29 } 30 /// <summary> 31 /// 可以创建作为尾部的结点的构造函数 32 /// </summary> 33 /// <param name="e"></param> 34 public Node(E e) 35 { 36 this.e = e; 37 this.next = null; 38 } 39 /// <summary> 40 /// 打印该结点则返回该结点的E型数据 41 /// </summary> 42 /// <returns></returns> 43 public override string ToString() 44 { 45 return e.ToString(); 46 } 47 } 48 //头结点 49 private Node head; 50 //结点个数; 51 private int N; 52 /// <summary> 53 /// 无参构造函数 54 /// </summary> 55 public LinkedList1() 56 { 57 head = null; 58 N = 0; 59 } 60 //链表长度 61 public int Count { get { return N; } } 62 //链表是否为空 63 public bool IsEmpty { get { return N==0; } } 64 /// <summary> 65 /// 添加结点 66 /// </summary> 67 /// <param name="index"></param> 68 /// <param name="e"></param> 69 public void Add(int index,E e) 70 { 71 if (index<0 || index>N) 72 { 73 throw new ArgumentException("非法索引"); 74 } 75 if (index == 0) 76 { 77 ////为什么不直接赋值null而是赋值head; 78 //Node node = new(e); 79 //node.next = head; 80 //head = node; 81 ////等价于↓ 82 head = new(e, head); 83 } 84 else 85 { 86 Node pre = head; 87 //按照0为起点开始数,并非从1开始数 88 for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) 89 { 90 pre = pre.next; 91 } 92 //Node node = new(e); 93 //node.next = pre.next; 94 //pre.next = node; 95 ////等价于↓ 96 pre.next = new(e, pre.next); 97 } 98 N++; 99 } 100 //头部添加结点 101 public void AddFirst(E e) 102 { 103 Add(0, e); 104 } 105 //尾部添加结点 106 public void AddLast(E e) 107 { 108 Add(N,e); 109 } 110 /// <summary> 111 /// 按照下标删除结点 112 /// </summary> 113 /// <param name="index"></param> 114 /// <returns></returns> 115 public E RemoveAt(int index) 116 { 117 if (index < 0 || index >= N) 118 { 119 throw new ArgumentException("非法索引"); 120 } 121 Node pre = head; 122 for (int i = 0; i < index-1; i++) 123 { 124 pre = pre.next; 125 } 126 Node rm = new(pre.next.e,null); 127 pre.next = pre.next.next; 128 N--; 129 return rm.e; 130 } 131 /// <summary> 132 /// 按照元素删除结点 133 /// </summary> 134 /// <param name="e"></param> 135 public void Remove(E e) 136 { 137 if (head ==null) 138 { 139 return; 140 } 141 Node cur = head; 142 Node pre = null; 143 while (cur!=null) 144 { 145 if (cur.e.Equals(e)) 146 { 147 break; 148 } 149 pre = cur; 150 cur = cur.next; 151 } 152 if (pre==null) 153 { 154 head = head.next; 155 N--; 156 } 157 else if(cur!=null) 158 { 159 pre.next = cur.next; 160 N--; 161 } 162 ////也可这样实现↓ 163 //Node cur = head.next; 164 //Node pre = head; 165 //for (int i = 0; i < N-1; i++) 166 //{ 167 // if (pre.e.Equals(e)) 168 // { 169 // head = head.next; 170 // break; 171 // } 172 // else if(cur.e.Equals(e)) 173 // { 174 // pre.next = cur.next; 175 // break; 176 // } 177 // pre = cur; 178 // cur = cur.next; 179 //} 180 } 181 /// <summary> 182 /// 修改结点数据 183 /// </summary> 184 /// <param name="index"></param> 185 /// <param name="e"></param> 186 public void Set(int index,E e) 187 { 188 if (index < 0 || index >= N) 189 { 190 throw new ArgumentException("非法索引"); 191 } 192 Node cur = head; 193 for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) 194 { 195 cur = cur.next; 196 } 197 cur.e = e; 198 } 199 /// <summary> 200 /// 获取结点数据 201 /// </summary> 202 /// <param name="index"></param> 203 /// <returns></returns> 204 public E Get(int index) 205 { 206 if (index < 0 || index >= N) 207 { 208 throw new ArgumentException("非法索引"); 209 } 210 Node cur = head; 211 for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) 212 { 213 cur = cur.next; 214 } 215 return cur.e; 216 } 217 /// <summary> 218 /// 打印输出结点,也可以直接重写ToString方法实现 219 /// </summary> 220 public void Print() 221 { 222 Node pri = head; 223 for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) 224 { 225 Console.Write(pri+" "); 226 pri = pri.next; 227 } 228 Console.WriteLine(); 229 } 230 /// <summary> 231 /// 重写ToString方法,打印输出链表 232 /// </summary> 233 /// <returns></returns> 234 public override string ToString() 235 { 236 StringBuilder res = new(); 237 Node cur = head; 238 while (cur !=null) 239 { 240 res.Append(cur + "->"); 241 cur = cur.next; 242 } 243 res.Append("Null\n"); 244 return res.ToString(); 245 } 246 } 247 }View Code