一,c/c++字符串
1.C/C++中每个字符串都以字符’\0‘作为结尾,这样我们就能很方便地找到字符串的最后尾部。
由于这个原因每个字符串都有一个额外的开销,注意字符串越界的问题;
2.C/C++内存模型把字符串常量放到单独的一个内存区域;
当几个指针指向相同的字符串常量的时候,他们实际上会指向常量区那个的内存地址;
但是用字符串常量初始化数组,情况却不一样,这点很重要,考察你C能力的筹码;
test.c:
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#include <stdio.h>
int main() { char str1[] = "hello world"; char str2[] = "hello world"; char *str3 = "hello boy"; char *str4 = "hello boy"; if(str1 == str2) { printf("str1 and str2 are same.\n"); } else { printf("str1 and str2 are not same\n"); } if (str3 == str4) { printf("str3 and str4 are same.\n"); } else { printf("str3 and str4 are not same.\n"); } return 0; } |
运行结果:
str1
and str2 are not same
str3 and str4 are
same.
Makefile:
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.PHONY:clean
CC=gcc CFLAGS=-Wall -g BIN=test OBJS=test.o LIBS= $(BIN):$(OBJS) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $^ -o $@ $(LIBS) %.o:%.c $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@ clean: rm -f *.o $(BIN) |
str1和str2是两个字符串数组,我们会为他们分配两个长度为12个字节的空间(在栈区),
并且把常量区的“hello world”的内容分别拷贝的数组当中。
这是两个初始地址不同的数组;
str3和str4是两个指针,我们无须为她们分配内存来存储字符串的内容,而只需要把他们指向“hello boy”在常量区中的地址就可以了,“hello world”这个字符串常量在内存中只有一个拷贝,因此str3与str4的值是一样的。
二,替换空格
给定字符串中的空格替换成 ’%20‘
思路就是计算出替换后的字符串的长度,利用两个指针,一个指向就字符串的末尾,一个指向新字符串的末尾;
进而从后往前面遍历,这样子节约时间,移位的效率高,因为没有做多余的移位操作;
space.cpp:
C++
Code
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#include <iostream>
#include <cstring> #include <cstdio> using namespace std; /*length 为字符数组string的总的容量*/ void ReplaceBlank(char string[], int length) { if(string == NULL && length <= 0) { return; } /*originalLength为字符串string的实际长度*/ int originalLength = 0; int numberOfBlank = 0; int i = 0; while(string[i] != ‘\0‘) { ++ originalLength; if(string[i] == ‘ ‘) { ++ numberOfBlank; } ++ i; } /*newLength为把空格替换成‘%20’后的长度*/ int newLength = originalLength + numberOfBlank * 2; if (newLength > length) { return ; } int indexOforiginal = originalLength; int indexOfNew = newLength; while(indexOforiginal >= 0 && indexOfNew > indexOforiginal) { if(string[indexOforiginal] == ‘ ‘) { string[indexOfNew --] = ‘0‘; string[indexOfNew --] = ‘2‘; string[indexOfNew --] = ‘%‘; } else { string[indexOfNew --] = string[indexOforiginal]; } -- indexOforiginal; } } void Test(char *testName, char string[], int length, char expected[]) { if(testName != NULL) printf("%s begins: ", testName); ReplaceBlank(string, length); if(expected == NULL && string == NULL) { cout << "passed." << endl; } else if(expected == NULL && string != NULL) { cout << "failed." << endl; } else if(strcmp(string, expected) == 0) { cout << "passed." << endl; } else { cout << "failed." << endl; } } int main() { const int length = 100; char string[length] = "hello world"; char expected[] = "hello%20world"; ReplaceBlank(string, length); if(strcmp(string, expected) == 0) { cout << "passed." << endl; } else { cout << "failed." << endl; } return 0; } |
运行结果:
passed.
Makefile:
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.PHONY:clean
CPP=g++ CFLAGS=-Wall -g BIN=test OBJS=space.o LIBS= $(BIN):$(OBJS) $(CPP) $(CFLAGS) $^ -o $@ $(LIBS) %.o:%.cpp $(CPP) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@ clean: rm -f *.o $(BIN)Test1 begins: passed. |