SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping

非原创,转自https://www.cnblogs.com/zhao307/p/5555597.html

1:基础配置

  (1)pom.xml

SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.zhao</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>SpringMVC Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Servlet -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>SpringMVC</finalName>
    </build>
</project>
SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping

  (2)web.xml

  注意一下spring dispatcherServlet的参数contextConfigLocation的值,我创建了四个xml文件,每次运行的时候都会指定其中的一个,这样能把spring的几种handlerMapping分的清晰一点。所以需要指定spring-*的值。

SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
    version="3.1" metadata-complete="true">
    <!-- DispatcherServlet:SpringMVC核心 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring-dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-XXX.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring-dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">welcome-file-list</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">welcome-file</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>index.jsp<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">welcome-file</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">welcome-file-list</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

</web-app>

SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping

  (3)index.jsp

SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Index Page</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="annotationController">Annotation Controller</a>
    <br/>
    <a href="simpleUrlController">Simple Url Controller</a>
    <br/>
    <a href="beanNameUrlController">BeanName Url Controller</a>
    <br/>
    <a href="controllerclassname">ControllerClassName Controller</a>
</body>
</html>
SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping

  (4)home.jsp

SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Home Page</title>
</head>
<body>
    Home Page: 测试成功
</body>
</html>
SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping

2:DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping--》基于注解的方式配置Controller

  (1)显示的指定web.xml中ContextConfigLocation的值

        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>

  (2)spring-mvc.xml

SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        ">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zhao.web"/>
    <!-- 1:HandlerMapping -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/>
    <!-- 2:HandlerAdapter -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>
    <!-- 3:ViewResolver,视图解析器。Struts2是显示的在struts.xml中指定逻辑视图和物理视图的关联,springMVC采用视图解析器统一配置 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>
SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping

HandlerMapping:处理映射器,为用户发送的请求找到合适的Handler Adapter。

HandlerAdapter:可以简单的理解为调用Controller中的方法。

  HandlerMapping+HnadlerAdapter:找到url所对应的Controller Method。

ViewResolver:视图解析器,Controller会返回一个view,这个view是String类型的逻辑视图名。我们需要根据这个逻辑视图名找到物理视图。ViewResolver就定义了怎么找物理视图。ViewResolver指定了物理视图的前缀和后缀,这样根据逻辑视图名就能拼出物理视图。比如说Controller返回"home"。那么物理视图就是 /WEB-INF/view/home.jsp。

  (3)Controller

SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping
package com.zhao.web;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;

@Controller
public class AnnotationController extends AbstractController{

@Override
@RequestMapping(value</span>="annotationController"<span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">protected</span><span style="color: #000000;"> ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">throws</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Exception {
    System.out.println(</span>"AnnotationController Working."<span style="color: #000000;">);
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> ModelAndView("home"<span style="color: #000000;">);
}

}

SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping

 返回了一个ModelAndView对象,model是数据,类似于map。view就是逻辑视图名,String类型。

注意,使用注解的前提是在spring-mvc.xml开启了注解,比如说包扫描。

<context:component-scan base-package="com.zhao.web"/>

3:SimpleUrlHandlerMapping--》显示的指定url对应关系

  (1)修改web.xml,把spring-mvc.xml改成spring-url.xml

  (2)srping-url.xml

SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping
    <!-- 1:SimpleUrlHandlerMapping -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
        <property name="mappings">
            <props>
                <prop key="simpleUrlController">simleUrl</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 2:ViewResolver,视图解析器。-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 3:Controller -->
    <bean id="simleUrl" class="com.zhao.web.SimpleUrlController" />
SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping

ViewResolver是必须有的,无论用哪种方式的HandlerMapping,都需要使用ViewResolver。

不同于注解,SimpleUrlHandlerMapping需要显示的载入Controller。

SimpleUrlHandlerMapping需要配置请求和响应:

<props>
<prop key="simpleUrlController">simleUrl</prop>
</props>

prop的key值就说请求,后面指定处理这个请求的Controller。

  (3)SimpleUrlController,不再展示,主体内容和注解的Controller类似

4:BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping--》基于BeanName找到Controller

  (1)修改web.xml  -》 spring-name.xml

  (2)spring-name.xml

SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping
   <!-- 1:BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 2:ViewResolver,视图解析器。</span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="prefix"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="/WEB-INF/view/"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">/&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="suffix"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">=".jsp"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">/&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 3:Controller </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="/beanNameUrlController"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="com.zhao.web.BeanNameUrlController"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">/&gt;</span></pre>
SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping

 配置了BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping的bean,用户的请求通过bean的name找到Controller。

注意  bean的name是/beanNameUrlController。要加 '/' 

 (3)BeanNameUrlController也是一样的。

5:ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping--》基于Controller的Class Name来找到Controller

  (1)修改web.xml->spring-class.xml

  (2)spring-class.xml

SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping
    <!-- 1:ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping"/>
<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 2:ViewResolver,视图解析器。</span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="prefix"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="/WEB-INF/view/"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">/&gt;</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">property </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">name</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="suffix"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">=".jsp"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">/&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;/</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&gt;</span>

<span style="color: #008000;">&lt;!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 3:Controller </span><span style="color: #008000;">--&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">&lt;</span><span style="color: #800000;">bean </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="com.zhao.web.ControllerClassNameController"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">/&gt;</span></pre>
SpringMVC的四种HandlerMapping

  (3)ControllerClassNameController也是一样的。

6:总结

  (1)SpringMVC导入jar包,配置web.xml 这些都是基础的操作。

  (2)四种HandlerMapping:DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping;SimpleUrlHandlerMapping;BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping;ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping。

  (3)无论哪种HandlerMapping都需要配置ViewResovler。因为我们都需要根据逻辑视图名找到物理视图,Struts2是显示的配置,在action中一个一个进行配置。而SpringMVC是统一配置。

  (4)用哪种HandlerMapping就需要导入哪种HandlerMapping的bean。

  (5)HandlerMapping的本质就是找到Controller。

    DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping是扫描具体的包下使用了@Controller注解的类。这样能实现请求和Controller的关联。

    剩下的三个,通过url、beanname或者classname都需要显示的配置Controller的bean。

      SimpleUrlHandlerMapping:是通过配置mappings的参数,显示的指定url和Controller关联。

      BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping:是URL就是Controller这个bean的name。需要规范url.

      ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping:是URL就说Controller这个bean的类名去掉Controller后的String。也需要规范url.

 

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