上次做了个很酷的不规则窗体,这次我们来弄点好看的按钮出来,此次将采用纯代码来设计按钮样式,不需要 Microsoft Expression Design 辅助了。
首先打开 Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 ,新建一个WPF项目,在上面随便放几个按钮:
然后给各个按钮设置不同的背景颜色:
设置好之后就是这样啦:
然后我们就开始在 App.xaml 文件中定义按钮样式了:
定义的样式代码如下:
看了先不要头大,我们先看看最终效果,然后回过头来再解释代码:
这是常规样式
这个是鼠标移到上面时的样式
这个是鼠标点击时的样式
还有就是按钮失效时的样式
效果还算不错吧,下面来讲解代码喽,头晕的同学可以现在就收拾东西回家了哈。
我们先来看这个命名为“back”的 Border 元素,它用它的 Background 属性充当了整个按钮的背景色。
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1.5">
<GradientBrush.GradientStops>
<GradientStopCollection>
<GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0"/>
<GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0.4"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FFF" Offset="1"/>
</GradientStopCollection>
</GradientBrush.GradientStops>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
其背景所用的是一个渐变笔刷,起始值和中间值都是引用的按钮本身的背景色,就是我们之前设置过的颜色啦,终止值是白色,这样通过位置调整,我们可以在按钮最下部产生一些向白色的过度色彩效果。
<OuterGlowBitmapEffect Opacity="0.7" GlowSize="0" GlowColor="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" />
</Border.BitmapEffect>
它的 BitmapEffect 属性我们设置了一个大小为 0 的外发光效果,平常是看不见这效果的,在这里预先设置好,是为了在鼠标移入、按下时实现动画使用。
再来看看这个命名为“fore”的 Border 元素,它实现的是按钮的边框和高亮反光效果,我为它设置了一个半透明的黑色1像素边框,使得这个边框的色彩可以和背景色混合起来。
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
<GradientBrush.GradientStops>
<GradientStopCollection>
<GradientStop Color="#6FFF" Offset="0.5"/>
<GradientStop Color="#1111" Offset="0.51"/>
</GradientStopCollection>
</GradientBrush.GradientStops>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
它的背景同样采用的渐变笔刷,起始值和终止值的位置几乎贴在一起,从而形成比较鲜明的反光度对比。
ContentPresenter 元素用于呈现按钮原本的内容,对于按钮来说就是按钮上的文字了,当然也可能会存在图片或其它东西。
<DropShadowBitmapEffect Color="#000" Direction="-90" ShadowDepth="2" Softness="0.1" Opacity="0.3" />
</ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>
我为之加了一个不太明显的阴影滤镜以增强显示效果。
剩下的就是些可爱又该死的 Trigger ,我们通过这些触发器来改变按钮在不同状态时的外观。
<Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To="6" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#AFFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#3FFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>
在鼠标移入按钮时,我依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画,这里的要点就在于“Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)"”属性设置语句,琢磨一下你就能看出这是对属性路径的描述,只不过它们写起来和看起来都很让人生气。
<Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True">
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To="3" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#3AAA" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#2111" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>
按下和弹起按钮时,我们做了相似的动画改变,与前面相比只是数值略微不同。
<Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#B444"/>
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To="0" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<DoubleAnimation To="1" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />
<DoubleAnimation To="-135" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#FFF" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#D555" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#CEEE" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#CDDD" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>
当按钮失效时,我要改变很多东西,首先将文字颜色设为灰色,然后依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变内容阴影效果不透明度、改变内容阴影效果角度、改变内容阴影效果颜色、改变按钮边框颜色、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画。
这里将先前对内容应用的阴影效果彻底改变,使之产生凹陷的效果。
好了,到这里就下课啦,文章有点冗长了,但应该对新手很有帮助,老鸟估计现在已经梦游仙境了吧。