每个函数都包含两个非继承而来的方法:call()和apply();
在JavaScript中,call和apply作用是一样的,都是为了改变某个函数运行时的上下文(context)而存在的,换句话说,就是为了改变函数体内部this的指向。
function fruits(){} fruits.prototype = { color: "red", say: function(){ console.log("My color is " + this.color); } }; var apple = new fruits; apple.say(); //My color is red
当想另外一个对象想使用fruits中的say方法时不用重新写,使用call和apply可以实现“劫持”别人的方法。
function fruits(){} fruits.prototype = { color: "red", say: function(){ console.log("My color is " + this.color); } }; var another = { color: "yellow" }; var apple = new fruits; apple.say(); //My color is red apple.say.call(another); //My color is yellow apple.say.apply(another); //My color is yellow
区别:参数书写方式不同
call(thisObj, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);
apply(thisObj, [args]);
thisObj:call和apply第一个参数是一样的,该参数将替代Function类里面的this对象。
arg1,arg2....:是一个个的参数,
args:一个数组或类数组,是一个参数列表。
用法
改变函数作用域
var name = "小白"; var obj = { name: "小红" }; function sayName() { return this.name; } console.log(sayName.call(this)); //小白 console.log(sayName.call(obj)); //小红
实现继承
//实现js继承 //父类 function Person(name, height) { this.sayInfo = function() { return "姓名:" + name + ", 身高:" + height + ", 体重:" + this.weight; } } //子类 function Chinese(name, height, weight) { Person.call(this, name, height); this.weight = weight; this.nation = function() { console.log("我是中国人"); } } //子类 function America(name, height, weight) { Person.apply(this, [name, height]); this.weight = weight; } let chiness = new Chinese("成龙", "178cm", "60kg"); console.log(chiness.sayInfo()); //姓名:成龙, 身高:178cm, 体重:60kg let america = new America("jack", "180cm", "55kg"); console.log(america.sayInfo()); //姓名:jack, 身高:180cm, 体重:55kg