1/问答题
企业网-VRRP实现网关冗余
实验作业：
原在mac gns3 IOU 配置拓扑结果如下所示：
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配置IP地址并测试连通性！
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int lo1
R1(config-if)#ip add 8
*Oct 5 15:50:37.766: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback1, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip add 8.8.8.8 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#int e0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 11.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#int e0/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#end
R1#show ip int br
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0/0 11.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Ethernet0/1 12.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Ethernet0/2 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Ethernet1/0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Ethernet1/1 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Ethernet1/2 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Ethernet1/3 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Serial2/0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Serial2/1 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Serial2/2 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Serial2/3 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Serial3/0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Serial3/1 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Serial3/2 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Serial3/3 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Loopback1 8.8.8.8 YES manual up up
R1#
R1#
SW1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW1(config)#int e0/2
SW1(config-if)#no switchport
SW1(config-if)#ip add 11.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
SW1(config-if)#no sh
SW1(config-if)#exit
SW1(config)#exit
SW2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW2(config)#int e0/2
SW2(config-if)#no switchport
SW2(config-if)#ip add 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
配置vlan：
SW1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW1(config)#vtp mode server
Device mode already VTP Server for VLANS.
SW1(config)#vtp domain PL
SW1(config)#vtp password cisco
Setting device VTP password to cisco
SW1(config)#vlan 10
SW1(config-vlan)#name vlan_10
SW1(config-vlan)#exit
SW1(config)#vlan 20
SW1(config-vlan)#name vlan_20
SW1(config-vlan)#end
SW1#show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Et0/3, Et1/0, Et1/1, Et1/2
Et1/3, Et2/0, Et2/1, Et2/2
Et2/3, Et3/0, Et3/1, Et3/2
Et3/3
10 vlan_10 active
20 vlan_20 active
SW2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW2(config)#vtp mode client
Setting device to VTP Client mode for VLANS.
SW2(config)#vtp domain PL
Domain name already set to PL.
SW2(config)#vtp password cisco
Setting device VTP password to cisco
SW2(config)#end
SW2#
*Oct 5 15:56:41.155: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
SW2#show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Et0/3, Et1/0, Et1/1, Et1/2
Et1/3, Et2/0, Et2/1, Et2/2
Et2/3, Et3/0, Et3/1, Et3/2
Et3/3
10 vlan_10 active
20 vlan_20 active
SW3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW3(config)#vtp mode client
Setting device to VTP Client mode for VLANS.
SW3(config)#vtp domain PL
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to PL
SW3(config)#vtp password cisco
Setting device VTP password to cisco
SW3(config)#end
SW3#show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Et0/0, Et0/3, Et1/0, Et1/1
Et1/2, Et1/3, Et2/0, Et2/1
Et2/2, Et2/3, Et3/0, Et3/1
Et3/2, Et3/3
10 vlan_10 active
20 vlan_20 active
SW1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW1(config)#int vlan 10
SW1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.10.251 255.255.255.0
SW1(config-if)#no sh
SW1(config-if)#int vlan 20
SW1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.20.251 255.255.255.0
SW1(config-if)#no sh
SW1(config-if)#end
SW2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW2(config)#int vlan 10
SW2(config-if)#no sh
SW2(config-if)#ip add 172.16.10.252 255.255.255.0
SW2(config-if)#no sh
SW2(config-if)#int vlan 20
SW2(config-if)#ip add 172.16.20.252 255.255.255.0
SW2(config-if)#no sh
1、配置SW1、SW2、SW3之间的Trunk链路；
配置trunk链路：
SW1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW1(config)#int range e0/0 - 1
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
SW1(config-if-range)#
SW2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW2(config)#int range e0/0 - 1
SW2(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
SW2(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
SW2(config-if-range)#
SW3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW3(config)#int range e0/1 - 2
SW3(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
SW3(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
SW3(config-if-range)#
2、配置SW1、SW2、R1之间的OSPF协议，要求SW1和SW2能够PING通8.8.8.8；
配置OSPF：
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#router ospf 100
R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1
R1(config-router)#network 8.8.8.8 0.0.0.0 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 11.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#
SW1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW1(config-if)#int e0/2
SW1(config-if)#no switchport
SW1(config-if)#ip add 11.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
SW1(config-if)#router ospf 100
SW1(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2
SW1(config-router)# network 11.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
SW1(config-router)# network 172.16.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
SW1(config-router)# network 172.16.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
SW1(config-router)#end
SW1#show ip route
SW1#ping 8.8.8.8
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 8.8.8.8, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
SW1#
SW2(config-if-range)#int e0/2
SW2(config-if)#no switchport
SW2(config-if)#ip add 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
SW2(config-if)#router ospf 100
SW2(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3
SW2(config-router)#network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
SW2(config-router)#network 172.16.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
SW2(config-router)#network 172.16.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
SW2(config-router)#end
SW2#show ip route ospf
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
8.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 8.8.8.8 [110/11] via 12.1.1.1, 00:00:23, Ethernet0/2
11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 11.1.1.0 [110/11] via 172.16.10.251, 00:00:01, Vlan10
SW2#ping 8.8.8.8
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 8.8.8.8, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
SW2#
3、SW1和SW2之间配置VRRP协议，根据拓扑要求设置虚拟网关地址；
配置vlan 10的vrrp协议：
SW1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW1(config)#int vlan 10
SW1(config-if)#vrrp 10 ip 172.16.10.254
SW1(config-if)#vrrp 10 priority 200
SW1(config-if)#vrrp 10 preempt
SW1(config-if)#vrrp 10 track 1 decrement 150
SW1(config-if)#exit
SW1(config)#track 1 interface e0/0 line-protocol
SW1(config-track)#exit
SW2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW2(config)#int vlan 10
SW2(config-if)#vrrp 10 ip 172.16.10.254
SW2(config-if)#vrrp 10 priority 150
SW2(config-if)#vrrp 10 preempt
SW2(config-if)#vrrp 10 track 1 decrement 150
SW2(config-if)#exit
SW2(config)#track 1 interface e0/0 line-protocol
SW2(config-track)#end
配置vlan 20 的vrrp协议：
SW1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW1(config)#int vlan 20
SW1(config-if)#vrrp 20 ip 172.16.20.254
SW1(config-if)#vrrp 20 priority 150
SW1(config-if)#vrrp 20 preempt
SW1(config-if)#vrrp 20 track 1 decrement 150
SW1(config-if)#end
SW1#
*Oct 5 16:12:59.012: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
SW1#show vrrp br
Interface Grp Pri Time Own Pre State Master addr Group addr
Vl10 10 200 3218 Y Master 172.16.10.251 172.16.10.254
Vl20 20 150 3414 Y Backup 172.16.20.252 172.16.20.254
SW1#
SW2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW2(config)#int vlan 20
SW2(config-if)#vrrp 20 ip 172.16.20.254
SW2(config-if)#vrrp 20 priority 200
SW2(config-if)#vrrp 20 preempt
SW2(config-if)#vrrp 20 track 1 decrement 150
SW2(config-if)#end
SW2#
*Oct 5 16:13:52.343: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
SW2#show vrrp br
Interface Grp Pri Time Own Pre State Master addr Group addr
Vl10 10 150 3414 Y Backup 172.16.10.251 172.16.10.254
Vl20 20 200 3218 Y Master 172.16.20.252 172.16.20.254
SW2#
4、为PC1和PC2配置所在网段的ip地址例如172.16.10.1和172.16.20.1；根据VRRP配置设置默认网关；
SW3上划分接口所属的vlan
SW3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW3(config)#int e1/1
SW3(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
SW3(config-if)#no sh
SW3(config-if)#int e1/2
SW3(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
SW3(config-if)#no sh
SW3(config-if)#
配置所在网段的ip地址例如172.16.10.1和172.16.20.1；根据VRRP配置设置默认网关；
PC1> ip 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.251
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.16.10.251
PC1> ping 8.8.8.8
84 bytes from 8.8.8.8 icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=1.526 ms
84 bytes from 8.8.8.8 icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=2.081 ms
84 bytes from 8.8.8.8 icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=1.675 ms
84 bytes from 8.8.8.8 icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=2.581 ms
p84 bytes from 8.8.8.8 icmp_seq=5 ttl=254 time=2.422 ms
^H^H^H^H
PC1> ping 172.16.10.254
84 bytes from 172.16.10.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.414 ms
84 bytes from 172.16.10.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.616 ms
84 bytes from 172.16.10.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.109 ms
84 bytes from 172.16.10.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.171 ms
84 bytes from 172.16.10.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.245 ms
PC1> ip 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.254
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.16.10.254
PC1> ping 8.8.8.8
84 bytes from 8.8.8.8 icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=3.428 ms
84 bytes from 8.8.8.8 icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=2.933 ms
84 bytes from 8.8.8.8 icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=3.495 ms
84 bytes from 8.8.8.8 icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=3.497 ms
84 bytes from 8.8.8.8 icmp_seq=5 ttl=254 time=3.075 ms
PC1> ping 172.16.10.254
84 bytes from 172.16.10.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.613 ms
84 bytes from 172.16.10.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.874 ms
84 bytes from 172.16.10.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.885 ms
84 bytes from 172.16.10.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.237 ms
84 bytes from 172.16.10.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.666 ms
PC2> ip 172.16.20.1 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.254
Checking for duplicate address...
PC2 : 172.16.20.1 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.16.20.254
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实验时会出现一些错误：
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5、通过关闭SW1或SW2交换机，验证网关冗余切换效果。
查看切换的冗余效果：
show vrrp br
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【作业要求】
1、用GNS3搭建拓扑，并根据要求完成项目；
2、将整个GNS3项目文件打包为压缩包，并以附件上传，压缩包的名称规范为“姓名-VRRP综合实验”。
编写实验报告，将整个作业过程中的涉及的步骤、效果、思路等整理为Word或PDF或PPT文档并上传，文档名称为"姓名-作业名称"。*