angularjs2.0指南

AngularJS 2.0

angularjs2.0指南

学习 Angular 2

当越来越多的 web app 使用 Angular 1构建的时候,更快更强大的 Angular 2 将会很快成为新的标准。

Angular的新约定使得它更容易去学习、更快的去开发 app。通过本教程学习更快速。更强大的 Angular 版本。

Angular 一个跨移动和桌面的框架

快速开始

本指南指导你如何构建一个简单 Angular app。

可以使用typescript/ JavaScript / Dart任意一种语言来编写Angular app,本教程采用JavaScript。

看它运行

运行实例是学习一个 Angular app 如何实现的最快的方式。

点击链接启动一个浏览器,会使用 plunker 来加载运行一个简单的示例。

文件的组织结构: 
angularjs2.0指南

对我们来说,它只是一个index.htmlstyle.css 和包含三个JavaScript文件的 app 文件夹组成的简单的 Web 目录。

当然,我们仅在 plunker只能构建简单的示例。我们关掉它开始一个真实的实践。

  1. 搭建我们的开发环境;
  2. 为我们的 app 编写 Angular 根组件;
  3. 添加 Angular 模块;
  4. 引导它去控制主页面;
  5. 编写主页面(即index.html);
  6. 添加 CSS 样式(style.css);

如果我们跟着指南的步骤一步步去实践,那么我们可以在 5 分钟内创建一个入门项目。

但是,大多数人总会陷入“why”和“how”中,花掉许多时间。

开发环境

我们需要一个地方去容纳你的项目文件,你的编辑。

  • 创建新的文件夹:

mkdir angular-start 
cd angular-start

  • 添加需要的函数库

我们推荐使用 npm 包管理器来获得和管理我们的开发库。

不会使用 npm,点击链接开始学习,因为本教程是通过它来创建的。

  • 添加 package.json 文件,直接 copy:
<code class="hljs json has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">{
  "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"angular2-quickstart"</span></span>,
  "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">version</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1.0.0"</span></span>,
  "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">scripts</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">start</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"npm run lite"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">lite</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"lite-server"</span>
  </span>}</span>,
  "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">license</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ISC"</span></span>,
  "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">dependencies</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">@angular/common</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2.0.0"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">@angular/compiler</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2.0.0"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">@angular/core</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2.0.0"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">@angular/forms</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2.0.0"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">@angular/http</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2.0.0"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">@angular/platform-browser</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2.0.0"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">@angular/platform-browser-dynamic</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2.0.0"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">@angular/router</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"3.0.0"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">@angular/upgrade</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2.0.0"</span></span>,

    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">core-js</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"^2.4.1"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">reflect-metadata</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"^0.1.3"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">rxjs</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"5.0.0-beta.12"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">zone.js</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"^0.6.23"</span></span>,

    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">angular2-in-memory-web-api</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"0.0.20"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">bootstrap</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"^3.3.6"</span>
  </span>}</span>,
  "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">devDependencies</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">concurrently</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"^2.0.0"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">lite-server</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"^2.2.0"</span>
  </span>}
</span>}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li></ul>
  • 通过 npm 命令安装这些包。

npm install

第一个 Angular 组件

组件是 Angular 中一个最基本的概念。一个组件管理一个视图(一块给用户展示信息、响应用户的页面)

技术上来讲,一个组件是一个控制某各视图模板的类。我们为搭建 Angular app 写许多代码。这是我们第一次尝试所以我们将会保持尽量的简单。

  • 创建项目源文件夹

我们将我们的应用程序源代码放在一个根目录下的app/子文件夹下。mkdir appcd app

  • 添加一个组件文件

添加一个app.componet.js的文件并写入下面内容:

<code class="hljs clojure has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">function</span><span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">app</span>)</span> <span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
  app.AppComponent =
    ng.core.Component<span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
      selector: 'my-app',
      template: '<h1>My First Angular App</h1>'
    }</span>)</span>
    .Class<span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
      constructor: function<span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">()</span> <span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{}</span>
    }</span>)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
}</span>)</span><span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">window.app</span> || <span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">window.app</span> = <span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{}</span>)</span>)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>

我们通过链接一个组件和属于 Angular 全局明明区间类方法ng.core写入一个可视的 AppComponet 组件。

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">  app<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.AppComponent</span> =
    ng<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.core</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Component</span>({
    })
    <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Class</span>({
    })<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

这个组件方法用到一个含3个属性的对象。类方法使我们实现这个组件,给它赋予属性和方法就会绑定到视图,无论它的变现是否适合 UI。

  • 模型

Angular 应用程序时模块化的。各个基友特定功能的模型链接在一起。

ES5 JS没有一个本地的模块系统。有许多流行的第三方类库系统我们可以使用。同样,为了简化和避免选择,Angular 为应用程序创建一个单独的全局命名区间。

我们在这个全局对象唤醒 app 且添加我们所有的代码构件。

我们不想去污染这个全局命名空间。所以在每个文件里我们把代码放入一个“IIFE”(Immediately Invoked Function Expression)。

<code class="hljs clojure has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">function</span><span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">app</span>)</span><span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
}</span>)</span><span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">window.app</span> || <span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">window.app=</span><span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{}</span>)</span>)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

我们通过这个全局的app命名空间对象传入 IIFE,如果他还不存在则使用一个空对象初始化它。

大多数的应用文件通过添加事物来输出东西到app命名空间。app.compont.js文件输出AppComponent

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">app<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.AppComponent</span> =</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

有一个比较复杂的应用程序会有子组件遗传自AppComponent在一个真是的树模型上。一个比较复杂的应用程序将有更多的文件和模块。

start示例并不复杂;一个组建时我们需要的。在这个小的应用程序里模块化扮演了基本组织的应用规则。

模块依赖于其它的模块。在JS Angular 应用程序里,当我们需要一些东西由其它模块提供,我们从app对象得到它。当其它模块需要涉及AppComponent,它需要从app.AppComponent获取:

<code class="hljs http has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">declarations</span>: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">[ app.AppComponent ],</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

Angular 也是模块化的。它是一个模块库的集合。每一个模块库都是由几个有关联的模块组成的。

当我们需要 Angular 的一些东西,我们使用ng对象。

  • 定义对象的类
<code class="hljs css has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">.class</span>(<span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
    <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">constructor</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;">function()</span>{</span></span></span>}
});</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

这个类中是空的,这个类为AppComponent类初始化对象。当我们准备构建一个实际的项目,我们能用属性和方法拓充这个对象。我们的AppComponent类是空的,但是有一个空的constructor,因为我们不需要在start项目里做任何事。

  • 组件定义对象

ng.core.Component()告诉 Angular 这个类初始化对象为一个 Angular 组件。这个配置对象传递给 ng.core.Component()方法有两个字段,selector 和 template

<code class="hljs css has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">ng</span><span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">.core</span><span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">.Component</span>(<span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
    <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">selector</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'my-app'</span>,
    template: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'<h1>My First Angular App</h1>'</span>
</span></span></span>});</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

这个selector指定一个简单的CSS选择器给一个叫做my-app的HTML元素。Angular创建了并运行一个我们的AppComponent实例,无论如何它总是一个my-app元素作为HTML。

记住这个my-app选择器,我们需要这个知识点在我们写index.html的时候用到。

这个template属性保存组件的同伴模板。一个模板是一个HTML的形式,它告诉 Angular 怎样去渲染一个视图。我们的模板是一个单独HTML代码,“My First Angular App”。

现在,我们需要一些东西去告诉 Angular 去加载这组件。

  • 添加一个 NgModule

Angular app 由 Angular 模块组成,这些模块依赖包含我们的组件和所有我们的app需要的。

创建一个app/app/module.js文件像下面这样:

<code class="hljs clojure has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">function</span><span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">app</span>)</span> <span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
  app.AppModule =
    ng.core.NgModule<span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
      imports: <span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[ ng.platformBrowser.BrowserModule ]</span>,
      declarations: <span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[ app.AppComponent ]</span>,
      bootstrap: <span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[ app.AppComponent ]</span>
    }</span>)</span>
    .Class<span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
      constructor: function<span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">()</span> <span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{}</span>
    }</span>)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
}</span>)</span><span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">window.app</span> || <span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">window.app</span> = <span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{}</span>)</span>)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>
  • 启动app

添加一个新文件,app/main.js,像下面:

<code class="hljs clojure has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">function</span><span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">app</span>)</span> <span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
  document.addEventListener<span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">'DOMContentLoaded'</span>, function<span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">()</span> <span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
    ng.platformBrowserDynamic
      .platformBrowserDynamic<span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>
      .bootstrapModule<span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">app.AppModule</span>)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
  }</span>)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
}</span>)</span><span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">window.app</span> || <span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">window.app</span> = <span class="hljs-collection" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{}</span>)</span>)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>

我们需要两个东西去运行这个app:

Angular 的platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule函数

这个app我们刚写的初始模块;

我们需要它们都要在我们的命名空间。然后我们请求bootstrapModule,传入这个 root app module,AppModule

学习为什么我们需要bootstrapModuleng.platformBrowserDynamic并且为什么我们创建一个单独的JS文件。

我们已经请求 Angular 去连接这个 app 在一个浏览器用我们的组件在 root。Angular 将放在那儿?

  • 添加index.html

Angular 运行我们的 app 在我们的index.html的一个指定位置。开始创建文件。

我们不能把我们的index.html放在app/文件夹下。我们将把它放在上一层,在项目的根文件夹下。

index.html文件内容如下:

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">html</span>></span>
  <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">head</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">title</span>></span>Angular QuickStart JS<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">title</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">meta</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"viewport"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">content</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"width=device-width, initial-scale=1"</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">link</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">rel</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"stylesheet"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">href</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"styles.css"</span>></span>

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- 1. Load libraries --></span>
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- IE required polyfill --></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"node_modules/core-js/client/shim.min.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span>

    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"node_modules/reflect-metadata/Reflect.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span>

    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"node_modules/rxjs/bundles/Rx.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"node_modules/@angular/core/bundles/core.umd.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"node_modules/@angular/common/bundles/common.umd.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"node_modules/@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"node_modules/@angular/platform-browser/bundles/platform-browser.umd.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"node_modules/@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/bundles/platform-browser-dynamic.umd.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span>

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- 2. Load our 'modules' --></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">'app/app.component.js'</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">'app/app.module.js'</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">'app/main.js'</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span>

  <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">head</span>></span>

  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- 3. Display the application --></span>
  <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">body</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">my-app</span>></span>Loading...<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">my-app</span>></span>
  <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">body</span>></span>

<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">html</span>></span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li></ul>

这儿有3个值的注意的地方:

我们加载我们需要的 JS 库;学习关于它们。

我们加载我们的 JS 文件。

我们添加<my-app>标签在<body>中。

当 Angular在main.js 请求bootstrapModule函数,它读取AppModule源信息,看见AppComponent是一个 启动组件,找到这个my-app选择器,定位到my-app的元素,然后加载我们的 app 视图在这些标签中。

  • 添加一些样式

样式不是非常重要但是它们是非常好的,index.html假设我们有一个样式表叫style.css

创建这个样式文件在根目录下并写入样式。也可以使用迷你版的样式文件。你可以参考下面的样式设置。

<code class="hljs css has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">h1</span> <span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
  <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">color</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-hexcolor" style="box-sizing: border-box;">#369</span></span></span>;
  <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">font-family</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif</span></span>;
  <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">font-size</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">250</span>%</span></span>;
<span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">}</span></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">body</span> <span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
  <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">margin</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>em</span></span>;
<span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">}</span></span>

 <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*
  * See https://github.com/angular/angular.io/blob/master/public/docs/_examples/styles.css
  * for the full set of master styles used by the documentation samples
  */</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>
  • 运行它

打开命令工具,输入命令 npm start

这个命令运行一个静态的服务器 lite-server,它加载index.html在浏览器并且刷新浏览器当程序文件被修改。

很快,浏览器的标题栏会代开并显示内容。恭喜你,我们成功了。

  • 做一些改变

尝试去改变信息的内容。

lite-server会一直监视,所以它会察觉改变,刷新浏览器,显示改变后的信息。

  • 最后的项目结构

最后项目文件结构如下:

angularjs2.0指南

原文链接:https://angular.io/docs/js/latest/quickstart.html

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