做大数据时,经常需要用到将大量格式化的文本数据导入到hbase中。此处就用到的三种方式:hive类SQL语句方式、importtsv +completebulkload 方式、mapreduce+completebulkload 方式,做下简单示例。其中当属hive类SQL语句方式最简单,首先介绍之:
实例中,我以虚拟话单作为需要导入的数据,格式如下:
1,12026546272,2013/10/19,20:52,33分18秒,被叫,13727310234,北京市,省际,0,32.28,0.4,全球通商旅88套餐 2,12026546272,2013/10/19,20:23,33分18秒,被叫,13727310234,北京市,省际,0,32.28,0.4,全球通商旅88套餐 3,16072996404,2013/10/19,20:52,10分52秒,主叫,19271253211,北京市,省际,0,2.8,1.9,全球通商旅88套餐 4,10023895821,2013/10/19,20:52,09分20秒,被叫,15115468122,绵阳市,省内,0,45.91,5.26,全球通商旅88套餐 5,13381653644,2013/10/19,20:53,06分00秒,被叫,10991482287,北京市,省际,0,54.79,7.16,全球通商旅88套餐 6,18695195919,2013/10/19,21:37,27分00秒,主叫,14858652217,绵阳市,省内,0,36.27,6.68,全球通商旅88套餐 7,11396010469,2013/10/19,21:37,27分02秒,主叫,12939968466,绵阳市,省内,0,65.63,4.45,全球通商旅88套餐 8,15109754362,2013/10/19,21:37,05分00秒,被叫,14240771580,绵阳市,省内,0,66.86,5.75,全球通商旅88套餐 9,13845944798,2013/10/19,21:37,13分50秒,被叫,13648619896,广州市,省际,0,60.71,3.39,全球通商旅88套餐 10,17883953443,2013/10/19,21:38,37分54秒,被叫,10110778698,广州市,省际,0,55.14,1.45,全球通商旅88套餐 11,19643495044,2013/10/19,21:38,49分34秒,主叫,14581482419,广州市,省际,0,16.84,1.36,全球通商旅88套餐
步骤如下:
1、首先在hive创建表,创建hbase识别的表bill:
在hive的shell里面执行命令:
Drop table bill; CREATE TABLE BILLS(selfnumber string,day string,hour string,duration string,calltype string, targetnumber string,address string, longdtype string, basecost float, longdcost float, infocost float,privilege string) STORED BY ‘org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler‘ WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ("hbase.columns.mapping" = ":key, calltime:day,calltime:hour,dura:duration,info:calltype,info:targetnumber,info:address,info:longdtype,info:basecost,info:longdcost,info:infocost,info:privilege")TBLPROPERTIES ("hbase.table.name" = "bills");
首先如果bill表已经存在则删除之。之后建立一个hbase可识别的表,可见里面规定了hbase列族等信息。
注意:不能有敏感关键字,比如”date”。
“hbase.columns.mapping”=后面的第一个不要写第一列即作为row的那一列,否则报错:
FAILED: Error in metadata:java.lang.RuntimeException:MetaException(message:org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.SerDeExceptionorg.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseSerDe: columns has 12 elements whilehbase.columns.mapping has 13 elements (counting the key if implicit))
FAILED: Execution Error,return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask2、在hive创建一个表用于导数据进去:
create table pokes(selfnumber string,day string,hour string,duration string,calltype string, targetnumber string,address string, longdtype string, basecost float, longdcost float, infocost float,privilege string)row format delimited fields terminated by ‘,‘;
3、批量导入数据到刚刚建的hive表pokes:
预处理数据:
把数据中字段名等去掉,把连续的空格全部变为“,”分开。可以写程序做预处理,也可以使用脚本。load data local inpath‘/home/cdh4/Desktop/bill.txt‘ overwrite into table pokes;
4、使用类sql语句把pokes里的数据导入到hbase可识别的表BILLS中去:
insert overwrite table bills select * from pokes;
5、在hive shell中查看数据:hive> select* from bills;
注意:
1、hive首先要起动远程服务接口,命令:
nohup hive –service hiveserver &
2、java工程中导入相应的需求jar包,列表如下(红色必须):
antlr-runtime-3.0.1.jar
hive-exec-0.7.1.jar
hive-jdbc-0.7.1.jar
hive-metastore-0.7.1.jar
hive-service-0.7.1.jar
jdo2-api-2.3-ec.jar
libfb303.jar
报错处理:
1、插入时数据不成功报错:
Error:
java.lang.RuntimeException: Error in configuring object
at org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.setJobConf(ReflectionUtils.java:106)
atorg.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.setConf(ReflectionUtils.java:72)
atorg.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.newInstance(ReflectionUtils.java:130)
atorg.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.runOldMapper(MapTask.java:413)
atorg.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:332)
atorg.apache.hadoop.mapred.Child$4.run(Child.java:268)
atjava.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
atjavax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:396)
at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1408)
说明:hive的classpath还需要加入hbase、zookeeper的那些jar包
解决办法:在hive的conf/hive-site.xml里面加入属性:
<property>
<name>hive.aux.jars.path</name>
<value>file:///usr/hadoop/hive-0.7.1-cdh3u6/lib/hive-hbase-handler-0.7.1-cdh3u6.jar,file:///usr/hadoop/hive-0.7.1-cdh3u6/lib/hbase-0.90.6-cdh3u6.jar,file:///usr/hadoop/hive-0.7.1-cdh3u6/lib/zookeeper-3.3.1.jar</value>
</property>
2、如果导入数据时遇到报错:
Anon-native table cannot be used as target for LOAD
说明:Hive不能向非本地表导入数据。
解决办法:请检查代码里面的建的表。
3、如果hive执行mapreduce的时候遇到报错:
Exception in thread "main"java.io.IOException: Cannot initialize Cluster. Please check your configurationfor mapreduce.framework.name and the correspond server addresses.
说明:mapreduce.framework.name这个属性是MRv2即yarn中才需要配置的,在版本1下不需要,所以就很自然地找到了问题的所在,MRv2和hadoop本身整合在了一起,而MRv1和hadoop还是分开的,所以查看了下/etc/profile在配HADOOP_HOME的时候要配MR1的目录。解决办法:请检查集群的环境变量。
只需要配MR1的环境变量就行。如:
(1)export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.0.0-mr1-cdh4.1.5
(2) export PATH=$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$PATH
OK!GOOD LUCK!小伙伴们加油!