1. 创建SpringMVC程序
1.1 配置文件方式
-
创建web项目
-
配置pom.xml,导入依赖
-
配置web.xml,注册DispatcherServlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!--1.注册DispatcherServlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!--启动级别-1--> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!--/ 匹配所有的请求;(不包括.jsp)--> <!--/* 匹配所有的请求;(包括.jsp)--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
-
编写SpringMVC的配置文件,springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> </beans>
-
添加处理映射器
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
-
添加处理适配器
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
-
添加视图解析器
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!--前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!--后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean>
-
编写Controller,要么实现Controller接口,要么使用注解,需要返回一个ModelAndView,装数据,封视图
package top.linzeliang.controller; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; // 先导入Controller接口 public class HelloController implements Controller { public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { // ModelAndView 模型和视图 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); // 封装对象,放在ModelAndView中。Model mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC!"); // 封装要跳转的视图,放在ModelAndView中 // /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp mv.setViewName("hello"); return mv; } }
-
将类交给SpringIOC,注册Bean
<!-- Handler --> <!-- id中要加斜杠 --> <bean id="/hello" class="top.linzeliang.controller.HelloController"/>
-
编写对应jsp页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Kuangshen</title> </head> <body> ${msg} </body> </html>
-
启动Tomcat服务器,进行测试
- 如果出现404错误,则检查lib包是否导入成功了
1.2 注解方式
-
创建web项目
-
配置pom.xml,导入依赖
-
Spring框架核心库
-
SpringMVC
-
Servlet
-
JSTL
-
由于Maven可能存在资源过滤,所以要配置一下如下信息以防万一
<build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources></build>
-
-
配置web.xml,注册DispatcherServlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!--1.注册DispatcherServlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!--启动级别-1--> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!--/ 匹配所有的请求;(不包括.jsp)--> <!--/* 匹配所有的请求;(包括.jsp)--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping></web-app>
-
添加SpringMVC配置文件,springmvc-servlet.xml
-
再resource目录下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件,配置文件的形式与Spring容器配置基本类似,为了支持基于注解的IOC,设置了自动扫描包的功能
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!-- 自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 --> <context:component-scan base-package="top.linzeliang.controller"/> <!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- 启用注解驱动 在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系 要想使@RequestMapping注解生效 必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping 和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例 这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。 而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入。 --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean></beans>
-
-
创建Controller类
- @Controller是为了让SpringIOC容器初始化时自动扫描到
- @RequestMapping是为了映射请求路径
- 方法中的Model类型的参数是为了把Action中的数据带到视图中
- 方法返回的结果是视图的名称,加上配置文件中的前后缀变成/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
package top.linzeliang.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.Model;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;@Controller@RequestMapping("/HelloController")public class HelloController { //真实访问地址 : 项目名/HelloController/hello @RequestMapping("/hello") public String sayHello(Model model){ //向模型中添加属性msg与值,可以在JSP页面中取出并渲染 model.addAttribute("msg","hello,SpringMVC"); //web-inf/jsp/hello.jsp return "hello"; }}
-
创建视图层(页面)
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %><html> <head> <title>SpringMVC</title> </head> <body> ${msg} </body></html>
-
进行测试