Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

Oracle 11g在Windows Server 2008 R2的安装详解

本篇博文参考《Oracle 10g官方文档》等资料,故选《RHEL4》操作系统。生产环境中强烈建议以《Oracle 10g官方文档》为蓝图!

一、预备:

1、硬件:注:括号()中是官方提供数据!

1-检查物理内存 (RAM至少1G

[root@RHEL4 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo    
MemTotal:      1541764 kB //RAM是1.5G        
[root@RHEL4 ~]#

2-检查Swap大小 (1G<RAM<2G,则Swap=RAM X 1.5

[root@RHEL4 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo    
SwapTotal:     3140696 kB  //此处是1.5X2=3G        
[root@RHEL4 ~]#

3-检查可用RAM和swap空间

[root@RHEL4 ~]# free    
total           used         free              shared    buffers     cached     
Mem:     1541764     898536     643228          0            49480      542584     
-/+ buffers/cache:     306472    1235292     
Swap:    3140696          0       3140696        
[root@RHEL4 ~]#

4-检查CPU

[root@RHEL4 ~]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo    
model name    :        Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2430M CPU @ 2.40GHz     
[root@RHEL4 ~]#

2、软件:

1-操作系统版本

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8 X64bit

2-内核版本号

[root@RHEL4 ~]# uname -r    
2.6.9-82.EL        
[root@RHEL4 ~]#

3-RHEL4所需要安装的软件包

(1)binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4
(2)compat-db-4.1.25-9
(3)control-center-2.8.0-12
(4)gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4
(5)gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4
(6)glibc-2.3.4-2
(7)glibc-common-2.3.4-2
(8)gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
(9)libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4
(10)libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4
(11)make-3.80-5
(12)pdksh-5.2.14-30
(13)sysstat-5.0.5-1
(14)xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2
 备注:
//查询是否已安装了上面14个软件包
rpm –qa | grep 软件包名
//安装软件包
方法1:
rpm –ivh  软件包名
方法2:
yum install 软件包名

3. 在/etc/hosts后面添加1行:

127.0.0.1localhost.localdomain localhost 
192.168.1.224           RHEL4

4. 创建用户和组

[root@RHEL4 ~]# groupadd oinstall   
[root@RHEL4 ~]# groupadd dba   
[root@RHEL4 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle   
[root@RHEL4 ~]#

5. 修改参数:

1-在/etc/sysctl.conf的最后添加:

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648   //大于或等于物理内存一半或以上即可!
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144

2-然后,使用sysctl  -p 命令,即时生效

[root@RHEL4 ~]# sysctl -p       
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0   
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1   
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0   
kernel.sysrq = 0   
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1   
kernel.shmall = 2097152   
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648   
kernel.shmmni = 4096   
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128   
fs.file-max = 65536   
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000   
net.core.rmem_default = 262144   
net.core.rmem_max = 262144   
net.core.wmem_default = 262144   
net.core.wmem_max = 262144   
[root@RHEL4 ~]#

3-在/etc/security/limits.conf最后面添加:

[root@RHEL4 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle              soft    nproc   2047   
oracle              hard    nproc   16384   
oracle              soft    nofile  1024   
oracle              hard    nofile  65536

4-在/etc/pam.d/login最后面添加:

[root@RHEL4 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

session    required     pam_limits.so
  在/etc/profile最后面添加:
[root@RHEL4 ~]# vi /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
              ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
        else
              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi

6. 创建Oracle 10g R2的安装目录

1-创建oracle安装目录且赋于权限

[root@RHEL4 ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle -p   
[root@RHEL4 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01   
[root@RHEL4 ~]# chmod -R 755 /u01   
[root@RHEL4 ~]#

2-设置Oracle的环境变量

在.bash_profile最后面添加:

[root@RHEL4 ~]# su – oracle   //切换到oracle用户帐户       
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle   
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1   
export ORACLE_SID=jiagulun   
export NLS_LANG=american_america.zhs16gbk

[root@RHEL4 ~]#exit  //退出oracle用户帐户

[root@RHEL4 ~]# su – oracle   //重新切换到oracle用户帐户       
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ ls

二、Oracle数据库的安装

1-上传Oracle数据库软件,再解压

//先创建一个目录/oraapp/

[root@RHEL4 ~]# mkdir /oraapp/   
[root@RHEL4 ~]# mount /dev/hdc /media/   
mount: block device /dev/hdc is write-protected, mounting read-only   
[root@RHEL4 ~]# cd /media/   
[root@RHEL4 media]# ll   
total 740658   
-r-xr-xr-x  1 root root 758433170 Aug 10 23:46 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz       
[root@RHEL4 media]# cp 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz    /oraapp/       
[root@RHEL4 media]# cd /oraapp/   
[root@RHEL4 oraapp]# ll   
total 741388   
-r-xr-xr-x  1 root root 758433170 Aug 11 14:29 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz   
[root@RHEL4 oraapp]# gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz  //解压之

2-gunzip将XXX.cpio.gz解后是XXX.cpio文件了,然后再用命令解压即可:

[root@RHEL4 oraapp]# ll   
total 783588   
-r-xr-xr-x  1 root root 801603584 Aug 11 14:29 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio       
[root@RHEL4 oraapp]# cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio  //解压之

[root@RHEL4 oraapp]# ls   
10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio  database   
[root@RHEL4 oraapp]# cd database/   
[root@RHEL4 database]# ls   
doc  install  response  runInstaller  stage  welcome.html   
[root@RHEL4 database]# w   
16:03:35 up 9 min,  3 users,  load average: 0.21, 0.48, 0.31   
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT   
root     :0       -                16:00   ?xdm?  31.12s  0.51s /usr/bin/gnome-session   
root     192.168. 192.168.1.3      16:01    0.00s  0.00s  0.37s /usr/bin/gnome-session   
root     pts/1    192.168.1.3:1.0  16:02    0.00s  0.04s  0.02s 
[root@RHEL4 database]# xhost +   
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host   
[root@RHEL4 database]# export DISPLAY=192.168.1.3:1.0
[root@RHEL4 database]# su – oracle   //切换到oracle用户       
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ cd /oraapp/   
[oracle@RHEL4 oraapp]$ ls   
10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio  database  //此为解压后的文件

3-正式安装Oracle 10g R2数据库
[oracle@RHEL4 oraapp]$ cd database/   
[oracle@RHEL4 database]$ ./runInstaller

//稍候……就出现如下图所示界面:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//默认之,因为我们前面设置了环境变量,所以会自动出来了

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//选企业版,如下图所示

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

或者 定制 !如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//默认之,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//选 iSQL*Plus 10.2.0.1.0 ,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//检查最后结果应该是:成功!如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//默认之,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//仅安装Oracle数据库软件,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//下面我们只需要点击 安装,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//到如下图所示时,不要点 OK !切记! 我们重新开一个窗口

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//执行第1个脚本,如下图所示:

右击 桌面空白处---> 打开终端 ,如下图所示:

[root@RHEL4 ~]# su - oracle   
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ pwd   
/home/oracle   
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ su   
Password:   
[root@RHEL4 oracle]# pwd   
/home/oracle   
[root@RHEL4 oracle]# cd /u01/app/oracle   
[root@RHEL4 oracle]# cd oraInventory/   
[root@RHEL4 oraInventory]# ls   
Contents                 oraInst.loc   
ContentsXML             orainstRoot.sh       
install.platform         oui   
logs                     sessionContext.ser   
oraInstaller.properties   
[root@RHEL4 oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh  //执行脚本       
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oracle/oraInvent ory to 770.   
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventor y to oinstall.   
The execution of the script is complete   
[root@RHEL4 oraInventory]#

//执行第2个脚本,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//下面我们就可以点击 OK 按钮了,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//点击 退出 后,oracle数据库安装已完成了!如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

PS:

   上图中的5560端口,查询方法:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

三、建库:

1-设置环境变量

//在.bash_profile最后面添加:

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ vi  .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions   
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then   
       . ~/.bashrc   
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH   
unset USERNAME   
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle   
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1   
export ORACLE_SID=jiagulun   
export NLS_LANG=american_america.zhs16gbk   
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.    //此为添加的1行

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ exit   //退出       
logout   
[root@RHEL4 ~]# su – oracle   //再用oracle用户帐户登录!       
2-
运行数据库配置助手(dbca),
如下图所示:

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ dbca

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//选择  创建数据库 ,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//选择 一般用途(General Purpose)

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//给数据库起个名称:jiagulun

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//推荐使用EM,无论是实验环境,还是生产环境中!

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//所有用户都使用同一个口令:oracle

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//选择 文件系统(File System),生产环境 选 ASM 或 裸设备

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//选第2项:所有数据库文件使用公共位置

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//默认,指定快速恢复区

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//选择 示例方案 ,实际生产中不会选 示例方案!

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//选第2项有国外机构的选它),国内企业一般选第3项强烈建议:在此就选好,否则以后调整会出现问题。

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//默认:控制文件、数据文件、重做日志组

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//开始  创建数据库 ,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//检查下正确与否,正确,则点击 OK  !

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//请等待……,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//直到出现……如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

至此,Oracle 10g R2数据库安装和建库全部完成!

四、下面我们去访问Oracle 10g R2数据库

1-在IE中输入http://192.168.1.224:1158/em

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

注释:

为何会出现:Enterprise Manager无法连接到数据库实例。下面列出了组件的状态。???

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

1)用户通过IE浏览器 连接 EM,而EM通过 监听(Listener)找到 Oracle数据库;

2)前3个(Database、Listener和EM)在同一台服务器上,EM在安装Oracle数据库时,就安装了;

  由上面报错可分析出来,可能是监听出问题了!(事实上我们还没有配置监听^_^)

2-配置监听

//运行命令netca来配置监听

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ netca

//选第1项 配置监听

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//选第1项: 添加

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//起个监听名称:LISTENER

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//默认之,下一步

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//默认之,下一步

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//下一步,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//出现如下图所示,则说明监听配置完成了!

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

3-本地Net服务名配置

1)本地Net服务名配置

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ netca

//选第3项:本地Net服务名配置

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//默认之,添加

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//起个服务名为:jiagulun

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//默认之,下一步

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//主机名:192.168.1.224

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//不测试,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//网络服务名为:jiagulun

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//我们不配置另一个Net服务名,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//出现如下图所示,则说明Net服务配置完成

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

 至此,本地Net服务名配置完成!

2)于是去看看检验之,如下面所示:

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ lsnrctl status   //查看监听状态

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 11-AUG-2013 22:31:01

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))   
STATUS of the LISTENER   
------------------------   
Alias                     LISTENER   
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production   
Start Date                11-AUG-2013 21:56:58   
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 34 min. 3 sec   
Trace Level               off   
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication   
SNMP                      OFF   
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora   
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log   
Listening Endpoints Summary...   
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))   
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))   
Services Summary...   
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).   
 Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   
Service "jiagulun" has 1 instance(s).   
 Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   
Service "jiagulunXDB" has 1 instance(s).   
 Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   
Service "jiagulun_XPT" has 1 instance(s).   
 Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   
The command completed successfully   
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$

3)停止、启动监听及查看监听状态

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ lsnrctl stop  //关闭监听程序

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 11-AUG-2013 22:39:05

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))   
The command completed successfully   
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$lsnrctl start   //启动监听

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 11-AUG-2013 22:42:21

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production   
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora   
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log   
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))   
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))   
STATUS of the LISTENER   
------------------------   
Alias                     LISTENER   
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production   
Start Date                11-AUG-2013 22:42:21   
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec   
Trace Level               off   
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication   
SNMP                      OFF   
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora   
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log   
Listening Endpoints Summary...   
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))   
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))   
Services Summary...   
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).   
 Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   
The command completed successfully   
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$

[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ lsnrctl status   //再查看监听状态

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 11-AUG-2013 22:44:54

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))   
STATUS of the LISTENER   
------------------------   
Alias                     LISTENER   
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production   
Start Date                11-AUG-2013 22:42:21   
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 33 sec   
Trace Level               off   
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication   
SNMP                      OFF   
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora   
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log   
Listening Endpoints Summary...   
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=RHEL4)(PORT=1521)))   
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))   
Services Summary...   
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).   
 Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   
Service "jiagulun" has 1 instance(s).   
 Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   
Service "jiagulunXDB" has 1 instance(s).   
 Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   
Service "jiagulun_XPT" has 1 instance(s).   
 Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   
The command completed successfully   
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$

  由上面查听监听状态,可知监听服务已经在工作了!

4-我们再在IE中输入http://192.168.1.224:1158/em

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//接受/同意

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

//下面是我把语言改为中文时的界面,如下图所示:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解

 好啦!《Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解》到此结束了!



本文转自 

beyondhedefang 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/beyondhdf/1271662 ,如需转载请自行联系原作者

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