1.安装mysql
$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server

2.字符集设置
$ sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

追加如下内容

[client] 
default-character-set=utf8 #增加这一行，指定
socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock 

[mysqld] 
character_set_server=utf8 #增加这一行，指定字符集
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

3.验证

$ mysql -u root -p
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘character_set_%’;

+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+