博学，切问，近思--詹子知 (https://jameszhan.github.io)
点对点方式是最为传统和常见的通讯方式，它支持一对一、一对多、多对多、多对一等多种配置方式，支持树状、网状等多种拓扑结构。
按照JMS规范，发送消息的步骤如下：
1.从连接工厂中拿出Connecion对象。
2.和服务器建立连接（Connection.start()）。
3.创建会话（Session）对象。
4.通过Session，在指定的Queue创建消息生产者（MessageProducer）。
5.使用Session创建消息。
6.使用消息生产者发送消息。 import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.MessageProducer; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; public class Producer { private String name; private String dest; private Connection conn; private MessageProducer producer; private Session session; public Producer(Connection conn, String dest, String name) { this.conn = conn; this.dest = dest; this.name = name; } public void start() throws JMSException { //conn 可以不连接,当发送消息是会自动建立连接。 conn.start(); session = conn.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); producer = session.createProducer(session.createQueue(dest)); } public void send(String text) throws JMSException{ TextMessage msg = session.createTextMessage(name + ": " + text); producer.send(msg); } }
接收消息的步骤如下：
1.从连接工厂中拿出Connecion对象。
2.和服务器建立连接（Connection.start()）。
3.创建会话（Session）对象。
4.通过Session，在指定的Queue创建消息接受者（MessageConsumer）。
5.1.调用messageConsumer.receive方法接受消息,如果队列上有消息，则receive方法返回该消息对象，如果队列上无消息，则该方法阻塞。
5.2.也可以以为Session指定MessageListener对象的方式来接受消息，该方法的好处在于，一旦有新消息到来，会自动触发该对象的onMessage方法执行。
下类描述了以5.1的方式接受消息。 import java.util.concurrent.Executor; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.MessageConsumer; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; public class Consumer { private String name; private String dest; private Connection conn; private MessageConsumer consumer; private Session session; private Executor executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); public Consumer(Connection conn, String dest, String name){ this.conn = conn; this.dest = dest; this.name = name; } public void start() throws JMSException{ //使用Consumer之前，必须调用conn的start方法建立连接。 conn.start(); session = conn.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); consumer = session.createConsumer(session.createQueue(dest)); } public void receive() { executor.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while (true) { try { Message msg = consumer.receive(); if (msg instanceof TextMessage) { System.out.println(name + " receive message {" + ((TextMessage)msg).getText() + "}"); } else { System.out.println("msg: " + msg); } } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }); } }
下类描述了以5.2的方式接受消息。 import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.MessageConsumer; import javax.jms.MessageListener; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; public class Consumer2 implements MessageListener{ private String name; private String dest; private Connection conn; private MessageConsumer consumer; private Session session; public Consumer2(Connection conn, String dest, String name){ this.conn = conn; this.dest = dest; this.name = name; } public void start() throws JMSException{ //使用Consumer之前，必须调用conn的start方法建立连接。 conn.start(); session = conn.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); consumer = session.createConsumer(session.createQueue(dest)); consumer.setMessageListener(this); } @Override public void onMessage(Message msg) { try { System.out.println(name + " receive message {" + ((TextMessage)msg).getText() + "}"); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }消息队列的特点是：
1.可以多个生产者对同一个消息队列发送消息。
2.可以多个接受者监听同一个消息对列。
3.消息只能一次性被消费，一旦消息被Consumer1消费了，则Consumer2不可能再拿到这一消息，并且同时该消息被消息队列移除。
4.持久性存储，一旦消息没有被消费，消息会一直保留在消息队列中。
利用消息队列的这一特点，我们可以实现简单的负载均衡，比如，我们可以部署几个相同的Service到不同的机器上，让他们监听同一个Queue，那么客户的请求到来后，消息中间件会动态分配其到某一个Service处理。
上一篇文章，我们介绍了创建连接对象的不同方法，这里我们把这两种方式做一个包装：public class ConnFactory {
private ConnectionFactory factory;
public ConnFactory(){
try {
Context context = new JndiFactory().getJndiContext();
this.factory = (ConnectionFactory) context.lookup("con1");
} catch (NamingException e) {
this.factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_BROKER_URL);
}
}
public Connection createConnection() throws JMSException{
return factory.createConnection();
}
}
创建不同的生产者对同一队列发送消息。
public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException { ConnFactory cf = new ConnFactory(); Producer producer1 = new Producer(cf.createConnection(), "Queue1", "Product1"); Producer producer2 = new Producer(cf.createConnection(), "Queue1", "Product2"); producer1.start(); producer2.start(); for(int i = 0; i < 50; i++){ producer1.send("message " + i); producer2.send("message " + i); } }
创建不同的消费者监听同一对列。
public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException { ConnFactory cf = new ConnFactory(); Consumer consumer1 = new Consumer(cf.createConnection(), "Queue1", "Consumer1"); Consumer consumer2 = new Consumer(cf.createConnection(), "Queue1", "Consumer2"); Consumer2 consumer3 = new Consumer2(cf.createConnection(), "Queue1", "Consumer3"); consumer1.start(); consumer2.start(); consumer3.start(); consumer1.receive(); consumer2.receive(); } 实验结果如下（事实上，不同的生产者生产的消息被那个消费者接收到是不确定的）：Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 1} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 2} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 0} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 0} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 1} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 2} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 3} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 3} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 4} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 4} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 5} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 5} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 6} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 6} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 7} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 7} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 8} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 8} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 9} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 9} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 10} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 10} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 11} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 12} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 11} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 12} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 13} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 14} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 16} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 17} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 19} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 20} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 22} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 14} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 13} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 15} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 16} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 15} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 17} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 18} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 19} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 21} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 22} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 18} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 20} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 21} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 23} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 23} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 24} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 25} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 24} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 26} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 25} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 26} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 27} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 27} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 28} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 28} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 29} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 29} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 30} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 31} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 31} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 30} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 32} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 32} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 33} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 34} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 33} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 35} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 35} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 34} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 36} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 36} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 37} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 37} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 38} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 39} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 38} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 39} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 40} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 40} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 41} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 41} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 42} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 43} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 42} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 44} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 43} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 44} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 45} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 45} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 46} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 46} Consumer2 receive message {Product1: message 47} Consumer3 receive message {Product2: message 47} Consumer1 receive message {Product1: message 48} Consumer3 receive message {Product1: message 49} Consumer2 receive message {Product2: message 48} Consumer1 receive message {Product2: message 49}如果你先执行发送消息的程序，在启动接受消息的程序，所有的消息都有可能被同一消费者消费，这是ActiveMQ为了提高效率，重用了同一个连接传输了所有的消息。其他的MQ产品未必会这么做，SnoicMQ它就会以一种随机的方式分发给不同的消费者。一旦你创建好消费者先监听消息队列，然后，再发送消息，由于这个时候，消费者与JMS Server之间的连接都已经建立，所以消息会随机的分发到不同的消费者。