我在mod_wsgi / Apache上设置了一个烧瓶应用程序,需要记录用户的IP地址. request.remote_addr返回“127.0.0.1”并尝试更正this fix,但我发现Django出于安全原因删除了类似的代码.

有没有更好的方法来安全地获取用户的真实IP地址？

编辑：也许我错过了一些明显的东西.我申请了werkzeug’s/Flask’s fix但是当我尝试使用带有更改标题的请求时它似乎没有什么区别：

run.py：

    from werkzeug.contrib.fixers import ProxyFix
    app.wsgi_app = ProxyFix(app.wsgi_app)
    app.run()

view.py：

for ip in request.access_route:
        print ip # prints "1.2.3.4" and "my.ip.address"

如果我启用了ProxyFix,则会出现相同的结果.我觉得我错过了一些完全明显的东西

解决方法:

仅当您定义可信代理列表时,才能使用request.access_route attribute.

access_route属性使用X-Forwarded-For header,回退到REMOTE_ADDR WSGI变量;后者很好,因为你的服务器决定这一点;几乎任何人都可以设置X-Forwarded-For,但是如果你信任一个代理来正确设置值,那么使用不受信任的第一个(从结尾)：

trusted_proxies = {'127.0.0.1'}  # define your own set
route = request.access_route + [request.remote_addr]

remote_addr = next((addr for addr in reversed(route) 
                    if addr not in trusted_proxies), request.remote_addr)

这样,即使有人使用fake_ip1,fake_ip2欺骗X-Forwarded-For标头,代理服务器也会添加,欺骗_machine_ip到最后,上面的代码会将remote_addr设置为spoof_machine_ip,无论有多少可信代理.除了你最外面的代理.

这是您的链接文章谈到的白名单方法(简单地说,Rails使用它),以及Zope implemented over 11 years ago.

你的ProxyFix方法工作正常,但你误解了它的作用.它只设置request.remote_addr; request.access_route属性未更改(中间件不调整X-Forwarded-For标头).但是,我会非常警惕盲目地计算代理.

对中间件应用相同的白名单方法如下所示：

class WhitelistRemoteAddrFix(object):
    """This middleware can be applied to add HTTP proxy support to an
    application that was not designed with HTTP proxies in mind.  It
    only sets `REMOTE_ADDR` from `X-Forwarded` headers.

    Tests proxies against a set of trusted proxies.

    The original value of `REMOTE_ADDR` is stored in the WSGI environment
    as `werkzeug.whitelist_remoteaddr_fix.orig_remote_addr`.

    :param app: the WSGI application
    :param trusted_proxies: a set or sequence of proxy ip addresses that can be trusted.
    """

    def __init__(self, app, trusted_proxies=()):
        self.app = app
        self.trusted_proxies = frozenset(trusted_proxies)

    def get_remote_addr(self, remote_addr, forwarded_for):
        """Selects the new remote addr from the given list of ips in
        X-Forwarded-For.  Picks first non-trusted ip address.
        """

        if remote_addr in self.trusted_proxies:
            return next((ip for ip in reversed(forwarded_for)
                         if ip not in self.trusted_proxies),
                        remote_addr)

    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        getter = environ.get
        remote_addr = getter('REMOTE_ADDR')
        forwarded_for = getter('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', '').split(',')
        environ.update({
            'werkzeug.whitelist_remoteaddr_fix.orig_remote_addr': remote_addr,
        })
        forwarded_for = [x for x in [x.strip() for x in forwarded_for] if x]
        remote_addr = self.get_remote_addr(remote_addr, forwarded_for)
        if remote_addr is not None:
            environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] = remote_addr
        return self.app(environ, start_response)

要明确：这个中间件也只设置request.remote_addr; request.access_route保持不受影响.