2.压缩和解压缩
2.1 compress和uncompress
此工具来自于ncompress包
格式
compress Options [file ...]
uncompress file.Z #解压缩
常用选项
-d 解压缩，相当于uncompress
-c 结果输出至标准输出,不删除原文件
-v 显示详情
zcat file.Z 不显式解压缩的前提下查看文本文件内容
范例：
zcat file.Z >file
范例：
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf -y install ncompress
[root@rocky8 ~]# cp /var/log/messages .
[root@rocky8 ~]# cp messages m.txt
[root@rocky8 ~]# compress m.txt
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll
total 740
-rw-------. 1 root root 1318 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 87 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-screenshots
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:32 messages
-rw------- 1 root root 140581 Oct 11 15:32 m.txt.Z
[root@rocky8 ~]# uncompress m.txt.Z
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll
total 1196
-rw-------. 1 root root 1318 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 87 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-screenshots
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:32 messages
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:32 m.txt
[root@rocky8 ~]# compress m.txt
[root@rocky8 ~]# cp messages m.txt
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll
total 1336
-rw-------. 1 root root 1318 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 87 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-screenshots
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:32 messages
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt
-rw------- 1 root root 140581 Oct 11 15:32 m.txt.Z
2.2 gzip和gunzip
格式：
gzip [OPTION]... FILE ...
常用选项：
-k keep, 保留原文件,CentOS 8 新特性
-d 解压缩，相当于gunzip
-c 结果输出至标准输出，保留原文件不改变
-# 指定压缩比，#取值为1-9，值越大压缩比越大
范例：
[root@rocky8 ~]# gzip --help
Usage: gzip [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Compress or uncompress FILEs (by default, compress FILES in-place).
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-c, --stdout write on standard output, keep original files unchanged
-d, --decompress decompress
-f, --force force overwrite of output file and compress links
-h, --help give this help
-k, --keep keep (don't delete) input files #压缩时，保留原文件，CentOS 8的新特性。
-l, --list list compressed file contents
-L, --license display software license
-n, --no-name do not save or restore the original name and timestamp
-N, --name save or restore the original name and timestamp
-q, --quiet suppress all warnings
-r, --recursive operate recursively on directories
--rsyncable make rsync-friendly archive
-S, --suffix=SUF use suffix SUF on compressed files
--synchronous synchronous output (safer if system crashes, but slower)
-t, --test test compressed file integrity
-v, --verbose verbose mode
-V, --version display version number
-1, --fast compress faster
-9, --best compress better
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Report bugs to <bug-gzip@gnu.org>.
[root@centos7 ~]# gzip --help
Usage: gzip [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Compress or uncompress FILEs (by default, compress FILES in-place).
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-c, --stdout write on standard output, keep original files unchanged
-d, --decompress decompress
-f, --force force overwrite of output file and compress links
-h, --help give this help
-l, --list list compressed file contents
-L, --license display software license
-n, --no-name do not save or restore the original name and time stamp
-N, --name save or restore the original name and time stamp
-q, --quiet suppress all warnings
-r, --recursive operate recursively on directories
-S, --suffix=SUF use suffix SUF on compressed files
-t, --test test compressed file integrity
-v, --verbose verbose mode
-V, --version display version number
-1, --fast compress faster
-9, --best compress better
--rsyncable Make rsync-friendly archive
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Report bugs to <bug-gzip@gnu.org>.
# CentOS 7上没有-k 选项
[root@rocky8 ~]# gzip m.txt
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll
total 824
-rw-------. 1 root root 1318 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 87 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-screenshots
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:32 messages
-rw------- 1 root root 85040 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 140581 Oct 11 15:32 m.txt.Z
[root@rocky8 ~]# gunzip m.txt.gz #解压缩
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll
total 1336
-rw-------. 1 root root 1318 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 87 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-screenshots
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:32 messages
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt
-rw------- 1 root root 140581 Oct 11 15:32 m.txt.Z
[root@rocky8 ~]# gzip -k m.txt #-k保留原文件
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll
total 1420
-rw-------. 1 root root 1318 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 87 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-screenshots
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:32 messages
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt
-rw------- 1 root root 85040 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 140581 Oct 11 15:32 m.txt.Z
[root@rocky8 ~]# zcat m.txt.gz #zcat 不解压缩文件，直接查看文本文件内容
范例：
[root@rocky8 ~]# gzip -c messages >messages.gz
[root@rocky8 ~]# gzip -c -d messages.gz > messages
[root@rocky8 ~]# zcat messages.gz > messages
[root@rocky8 ~]# cat messages | gzip > m.gz
2.3 bzip2和bunzip2
来自于 bzip2 包
格式：
bzip2 [OPTION]... FILE ...
常用选项
-k keep, 保留原文件
-d 解压缩
-c 结果输出至标准输出，保留原文件不改变
-# 1-9，压缩比，默认为9
范例：
[root@rocky8 ~]# bzip2 -k m.txt
-bash: bzip2: command not found
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf provides bzip2
Last metadata expiration check: 1:34:14 ago on Mon 11 Oct 2021 02:10:23 PM CST.
bzip2-1.0.6-26.el8.x86_64 : A file compression utility
Repo : BaseOS
Matched from:
Provide : bzip2 = 1.0.6-26.el8
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf -y install bzip2
[root@rocky8 ~]# bzip2 -k m.txt
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll
total 1628
-rw-------. 1 root root 1318 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 87 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-screenshots
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:42 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85043 Oct 11 15:42 messages.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85034 Oct 11 15:42 m.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt
-rw------- 1 root root 39140 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt.bz2
-rw------- 1 root root 85040 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 140581 Oct 11 15:32 m.txt.Z
[root@rocky8 ~]# rm -f m.txt
[root@rocky8 ~]# bunzip2 -d m.txt.bz2 #bzip2 -d 和bunzip2 一样，都是解压
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll
total 1588
-rw-------. 1 root root 1318 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 87 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-screenshots
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:42 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85043 Oct 11 15:42 messages.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85034 Oct 11 15:42 m.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt
-rw------- 1 root root 85040 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 140581 Oct 11 15:32 m.txt.Z
[root@rocky8 ~]# bzip2 -k m.txt
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll
total 1628
-rw-------. 1 root root 1318 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 87 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-screenshots
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:42 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85043 Oct 11 15:42 messages.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85034 Oct 11 15:42 m.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt
-rw------- 1 root root 39140 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt.bz2
-rw------- 1 root root 85040 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 140581 Oct 11 15:32 m.txt.Z
[root@rocky8 ~]# bzcat m.txt.bz2 不显式解压缩的前提下查看文本文件内容
2.4 xz和unxz
来自于 xz 包
格式
xz [OPTION]... FILE ...
常用选项
-k keep, 保留原文件
-d 解压缩,相当于unxz
-c 结果输出至标准输出，保留原文件不改变
-# 压缩比，取值1-9，默认为6
范例：
[root@rocky8 ~]# xz -k m.txt
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll
total 1664
-rw-------. 1 root root 1318 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 87 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-screenshots
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:42 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85043 Oct 11 15:42 messages.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85034 Oct 11 15:42 m.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt
-rw------- 1 root root 39140 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt.bz2
-rw------- 1 root root 85040 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 33300 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt.xz
-rw------- 1 root root 140581 Oct 11 15:32 m.txt.Z
[root@rocky8 ~]# unxz m.txt.xz #解压缩
[root@rocky8 ~]# xzcat m.txt.xz #不显式解压缩的前提下查看文本文件内容
2.5 zip和unzip
zip 可以实现打包目录和多个文件成一个文件并压缩，但可能会丢失文件属性信息，如：所有者和组信息，一般建议使用 tar 代替
来自于zip 和 unzip 包
范例：
[root@rocky8 ~]# zip -r etc.zip /etc
-bash: zip: command not found
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf provides zip
Last metadata expiration check: 1:40:39 ago on Mon 11 Oct 2021 02:10:23 PM CST.
zip-3.0-23.el8.x86_64 : A file compression and packaging utility compatible with PKZIP
Repo : BaseOS
Matched from:
Provide : zip = 3.0-23.el8
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf -y install zip
[root@rocky8 ~]# zip -r etc.zip /etc
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll
total 8500
-rw-------. 1 root root 1318 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 87 Oct 6 19:20 anaconda-screenshots
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6997370 Oct 11 15:51 etc.zip
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:42 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85043 Oct 11 15:42 messages.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85034 Oct 11 15:42 m.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 607137 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt
-rw------- 1 root root 39140 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt.bz2
-rw------- 1 root root 85040 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 33300 Oct 11 15:34 m.txt.xz
-rw------- 1 root root 140581 Oct 11 15:32 m.txt.Z
[root@rocky8 ~]# du -sh /etc
22M /etc
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll -h etc.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6.7M Oct 11 15:51 etc.zip
范例：
#打包并压缩
[root@rocky8 ~]# zip -r /data/sysconfig.zip /etc/sysconfig/
adding: etc/sysconfig/ (stored 0%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/run-parts (stored 0%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/crond (deflated 15%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ (stored 0%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 (deflated 16%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config (deflated 61%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/iptables-config (deflated 60%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config (deflated 44%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/selinux (deflated 51%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/console/ (stored 0%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/modules/ (stored 0%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/grub (deflated 24%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/cpupower (deflated 25%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/nftables.conf (deflated 40%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/firewalld (stored 0%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/kdump (deflated 53%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/rsyslog (deflated 23%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/sshd (deflated 41%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/irqbalance (deflated 45%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/man-db (deflated 35%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/kernel (deflated 34%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/anaconda (deflated 9%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/sshd-permitrootlogin (deflated 17%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/network (stored 0%)
adding: etc/sysconfig/atd (deflated 31%)
#不包括目录本身，只打包目录内的文件和子目录
[root@rocky8 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig; zip -r /root/sysconfig.zip *
adding: anaconda (deflated 9%)
adding: atd (deflated 31%)
adding: console/ (stored 0%)
adding: cpupower (deflated 25%)
adding: crond (deflated 15%)
adding: ebtables-config (deflated 44%)
adding: firewalld (stored 0%)
adding: grub (deflated 24%)
adding: ip6tables-config (deflated 61%)
adding: iptables-config (deflated 60%)
adding: irqbalance (deflated 45%)
adding: kdump (deflated 53%)
adding: kernel (deflated 34%)
adding: man-db (deflated 35%)
adding: modules/ (stored 0%)
adding: network (stored 0%)
adding: network-scripts/ (stored 0%)
adding: network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 (deflated 16%)
adding: nftables.conf (deflated 40%)
adding: rsyslog (deflated 23%)
adding: run-parts (stored 0%)
adding: selinux (deflated 51%)
adding: sshd (deflated 41%)
adding: sshd-permitrootlogin (deflated 17%)
#默认解压缩至当前目录
[root@rocky8 sysconfig]# unzip /data/sysconfig.zip
Archive: /data/sysconfig.zip
creating: etc/sysconfig/
extracting: etc/sysconfig/run-parts
inflating: etc/sysconfig/crond
creating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
inflating: etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
inflating: etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
inflating: etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
inflating: etc/sysconfig/selinux
creating: etc/sysconfig/console/
creating: etc/sysconfig/modules/
inflating: etc/sysconfig/grub
inflating: etc/sysconfig/cpupower
inflating: etc/sysconfig/nftables.conf
extracting: etc/sysconfig/firewalld
inflating: etc/sysconfig/kdump
inflating: etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
inflating: etc/sysconfig/sshd
inflating: etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
inflating: etc/sysconfig/man-db
inflating: etc/sysconfig/kernel
inflating: etc/sysconfig/anaconda
inflating: etc/sysconfig/sshd-permitrootlogin
extracting: etc/sysconfig/network
inflating: etc/sysconfig/atd
#解压缩至指定目录,如果指定目录不存在，会在其父目录（必须事先存在）下自动生成
[root@rocky8 sysconfig]# unzip /data/sysconfig.zip -d /tmp/config
Archive: /data/sysconfig.zip
creating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/
extracting: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/run-parts
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/crond
creating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/selinux
creating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/console/
creating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/modules/
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/grub
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/cpupower
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/nftables.conf
extracting: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/firewalld
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/kdump
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/sshd
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/man-db
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/kernel
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/anaconda
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/sshd-permitrootlogin
extracting: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/network
inflating: /tmp/config/etc/sysconfig/atd
[root@rocky8 sysconfig]# cat /var/log/messages | zip messages -
adding: - (deflated 86%)
#-p 表示管道
[root@rocky8 sysconfig]# unzip -p message.zip > message
范例: 非交互式加密和解密
[root@rocky8 ~]# zip -P 123456 ~/linux.zip *
adding: anaconda-ks.cfg (deflated 47%)
adding: anaconda-screenshots/ (stored 0%)
adding: etc.zip (stored 0%)
adding: messages (deflated 86%)
adding: messages.gz (deflated 4%)
adding: m.gz (deflated 4%)
adding: m.txt (deflated 86%)
adding: m.txt.bz2 (deflated 8%)
adding: m.txt.gz (deflated 4%)
adding: m.txt.xz (deflated 0%)
adding: m.txt.Z (stored 0%)
adding: sysconfig.zip (stored 0%)
[root@rocky8 ~]# mv linux.zip /opt
[root@rocky8 ~]# cd /opt
[root@rocky8 opt]# unzip -P 123456 linux.zip
Archive: linux.zip
inflating: anaconda-ks.cfg
creating: anaconda-screenshots/
extracting: etc.zip
inflating: messages
inflating: messages.gz
inflating: m.gz
inflating: m.txt
inflating: m.txt.bz2
inflating: m.txt.gz
inflating: m.txt.xz
extracting: m.txt.Z
extracting: sysconfig.zip
3.打包和解包tar
tar 即 Tape ARchive 磁带归档，可以对目录和多个文件打包一个文件，并且可以压缩，保留文件属性不丢失，常用于备份功能，推荐使用
格式
tar [OPTION]...
(1) 创建归档，保留权限
tar -cpvf /PATH/FILE.tar FILE...
(2) 追加文件至归档： 注：不支持对压缩文件追加
tar -rf /PATH/FILE.tar FILE...
(3) 查看归档文件中的文件列表
tar -t -f /PATH/FILE.tar
(4) 展开归档
tar xf /PATH/FILE.tar
tar xf /PATH/FILE.tar -C /PATH/
(5) 结合压缩工具实现：归档并压缩
-z 相当于gzip压缩工具
-j 相当于bzip2压缩工具
-J 相当于xz压缩工具
范例：
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar cf sysconfig.tar /etc/sysconfig/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll -h sysconfig.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 150K Oct 11 16:06 sysconfig.tar
[root@rocky8 ~]# du -sh /etc/sysconfig/
244K /etc/sysconfig/
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar cf etc.tar /etc
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll -h etc.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21M Oct 11 16:07 etc.tar
[root@rocky8 ~]# du -sh /etc
22M /etc
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar zcf etc.tar.gz /etc
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll -h etc.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5.1M Oct 11 16:08 etc.tar.gz
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar jcf etc.tar.bz2 /etc
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar Jcf etc.tar.xz /etc
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll -h etc.*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21M Oct 11 16:07 etc.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.6M Oct 11 16:08 etc.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5.1M Oct 11 16:08 etc.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.1M Oct 11 16:09 etc.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6.7M Oct 11 15:51 etc.zip
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar tf etc.tar.gz
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar tf etc.tar.bz2
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar tf etc.tar.xz
[root@rocky8 ~]# rm -rf /opt/*
[root@rocky8 ~]# ls /opt
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar xf etc.tar.xz -C /opt
[root@rocky8 ~]# ls /opt
etc
[root@rocky8 ~]# cp -r . /data
cp: overwrite '/data/./sysconfig.zip'? y
[root@rocky8 ~]# ls /data
anaconda-ks.cfg etc.tar etc.tar.gz etc.zip messages.gz m.txt m.txt.gz m.txt.Z sysconfig.zip
anaconda-screenshots etc.tar.bz2 etc.tar.xz messages m.gz m.txt.bz2 m.txt.xz sysconfig.tar
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar cf data.tar /data/*
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: Removing leading `/' from hard link targets
[root@rocky8 ~]# ls /data
anaconda-ks.cfg etc.tar etc.tar.gz etc.zip messages.gz m.txt m.txt.gz m.txt.Z sysconfig.zip
anaconda-screenshots etc.tar.bz2 etc.tar.xz messages m.gz m.txt.bz2 m.txt.xz sysconfig.tar
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar -tf data.tar
data/anaconda-ks.cfg
data/anaconda-screenshots/
data/anaconda-screenshots/screenshot-0000.png
data/anaconda-screenshots/screenshot-0001.png
data/anaconda-screenshots/screenshot-0002.png
data/etc.tar
data/etc.tar.bz2
data/etc.tar.gz
data/etc.tar.xz
data/etc.zip
data/messages
data/messages.gz
data/m.gz
data/m.txt
data/m.txt.bz2
data/m.txt.gz
data/m.txt.xz
data/m.txt.Z
data/sysconfig.tar
[root@rocky8 ~]# rm -rf /opt/*
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar xf data.tar -C /opt
[root@rocky8 ~]# ls /opt
data
# 打包的文件夹 里边都带目录
[root@rocky8 ~]# cd /data
[root@rocky8 data]# tar zcf /root/data.tar.gz *
[root@rocky8 data]# tar -tf /root/data.tar.gz
anaconda-ks.cfg
anaconda-screenshots/
anaconda-screenshots/screenshot-0000.png
anaconda-screenshots/screenshot-0001.png
anaconda-screenshots/screenshot-0002.png
etc.tar
etc.tar.bz2
etc.tar.gz
etc.tar.xz
etc.zip
messages
messages.gz
m.gz
m.txt
m.txt.bz2
m.txt.gz
m.txt.xz
m.txt.Z
sysconfig.tar
sysconfig.zip
#打包不带目录，进入到目录打包，就没有目录，只有文件
#tar 指定目录打包，不包含目录本身
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar -C /boot -cvf /root/boot3.tar .
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar tvf boot3.tar |less
dr-xr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-10-06 19:21 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-10-06 19:16 ./efi/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-10-06 19:16 ./efi/EFI/
drwx------ root/root 0 2021-05-28 01:21 ./efi/EFI/rocky/
drwx------ root/root 0 2021-10-06 19:24 ./grub2/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 64 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/device.map
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 2760 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/gcry_dsa.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 13488 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/acpi.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 4672 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/gcry_idea.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1648 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/adler32.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 4336 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/gcry_md4.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 7340 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/affs.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 5368 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/gcry_md5.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 9232 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/afs.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 3920 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/gcry_rfc2268.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 21752 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/ahci.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 15756 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/diskfilter.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 580 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/all_video.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 22084 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/gcry_rijndael.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1248 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/aout.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 13616 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/appended_signature_test.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1292 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/div.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 44176 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/appendedsig.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 13792 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/gcry_rmd160.mod
-rw-r--r-- root/root 3852 2021-10-06 19:19 ./grub2/i386-pc/archelp.mod
#利用 tar 进行文件复制
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar c /data/ | tar x -C /tmp
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll /tmp
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 17 Oct 11 15:55 config
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Oct 11 16:11 data
-rwx------. 1 root root 291 Oct 6 19:20 ks-script-hu2_65lt
-rwx------. 1 root root 701 Oct 6 19:20 ks-script-ltsb0ybt
drwx------ 2 root root 6 Oct 11 13:47 vmware-root_726-2957583432
drwx------. 2 root root 6 Oct 6 19:21 vmware-root_727-4290690966
drwx------ 2 root root 6 Oct 6 19:25 vmware-root_733-4248680474
drwx------. 2 root root 6 Oct 6 19:21 vmware-root_773-4256676260
–exclude 排除文件
范例：
tar zcvf /root/a.tgz --exclude=/app/host1 --exclude=/app/host2 /app
-T 选项指定输入文件
-X 选项指定包含要排除的文件列表
范例：
tar zcvf mybackup.tgz -T /root/includefilelist -X /root/excludefilelist
范例：
[root@rocky8 ~]# wget https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
-bash: wget: command not found
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf -y install wget
[root@rocky8 ~]# wget https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
--2021-10-11 16:20:30-- https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
Resolving mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn (mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn)... 39.155.141.16, 2001:da8:20f:4435:4adf:37ff:fe55:2840
Connecting to mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn (mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn)|39.155.141.16|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 7187805 (6.9M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2’
httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2 100%[==================================================================>] 6.85M 3.97MB/s in 1.7s
2021-10-11 16:20:32 (3.97 MB/s) - ‘httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2’ saved [7187805/7187805]
[root@rocky8 ~]# wget https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz
--2021-10-11 16:20:54-- https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz
Resolving mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn (mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn)... 39.155.141.16, 2001:da8:20f:4435:4adf:37ff:fe55:2840
Connecting to mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn (mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn)|39.155.141.16|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 9363314 (8.9M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz’
httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz 100%[==================================================================>] 8.93M 4.17MB/s in 2.1s
2021-10-11 16:20:57 (4.17 MB/s) - ‘httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz’ saved [9363314/9363314]
[root@rocky8 ~]# ll -h httpd-2.4.46.tar*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6.9M Aug 5 2020 httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9.0M Aug 5 2020 httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@rocky8 ~]# ls /usr/local/src/
httpd-2.4.46
[root@rocky8 ~]# wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.9.11.tar.xz
[root@rocky8 ~]# tar xf linux-5.9.11.tar.xz
[root@rocky8 ~]# ls linux-5.9.11/
arch certs CREDITS Documentation fs init Kbuild kernel LICENSES Makefile net samples security tools virt
block COPYING crypto drivers include ipc Kconfig lib MAINTAINERS mm README scripts sound usr
[root@rocky8 ~]# find -name "*.c" |wc -l
29214