Linux下配置OpenCV1.0环境

2022-01-20 19:49:46

自己一直嚷嚷着打算学学图像识别，识别个简单的，车牌号，验证码之类的，之前查过资料，OpenCV可以实现。昨天花了一个下午终于配置好环境了，今天写下总结。

OpenCV这一名称包含了Open和Computer Vision两者的意思。实际上，Open指Open Source(开源，即开放源代码)，Computer Vision则指计算机视觉。更详细介绍，请参考：http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCV

配置环境系统信息：Linux

catgenie@debian:~$ cat /etc/debian_version
7.6
genie@debian:~$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.2.0-4-amd64 (debian-kernel@lists.debian.org) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Debian 4.6.3-14) ) #1 SMP Debian 3.2.60-1+deb7u1
genie@debian:~$

OpenCV版本：1.0

为何选择1.0进行安装？

由于我想实现的功能比较简单，简单查资料发现最新的OpenCV2.4.9版本中添加了C++的库，我是C++渣渣，手里的书又都是1.0版本的，比较老，所以果断安装版本选择了1.0.

为何选择在Linux上安装？

在Windows上安装，有很全的资料和教程，但版本已经妥协到1.0了，正好Linux上安装业忘得差不多了，再者，个人认为，在Linux下安装成功，Windows上应该也可以，反之，未必，所以选择在Linux上安装。

好了，废话不多说，开始安装。(为了节约时间，强烈建议先看完教程再安装)

第一步：获取安装包

到http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/files/opencv-unix/1.0/ 下载opencv-1.0.0.tar.gz源代码包或者到http://opencv.org/downloads.html的最下方下载

第二步：解压

首先请切换到root用户，然后，找到下载的位置

#cd /home/YOUR_USER_NAME/Downloads/

#tar -zxvf opencv-1.0.0.tar.gz

这个时候，在当前目录下会出现一个名为：opencv-1.0.0的directory

#cd opencv-1.0.0

第三步：执行./configure

#./configure

执行这条命令后，我并不顺利，报了一些错误：

提示你安装一些你需要的库，我安装了两个，就没报错了

#apt-get install g++

#apt-get install pkg-config

第四步：执行./configure，若出现以下信息，表示成功：

#./configure

General configuration ================================================
Compiler: g++
CXXFLAGS: -Wall -fno-rtti -pipe -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer

Install path: /usr/local

HighGUI configuration ================================================

Windowing system --------------
Use Carbon / Mac OS X: no
Use gtk+ 2.x: yes
Use gthread: yes

Image I/O ---------------------
Use libjpeg: yes
Use zlib: yes
Use libpng: yes
Use libtiff: yes
Use libjasper: yes
Use libIlmImf: no

Video I/O ---------------------
Use QuickTime / Mac OS X: no
Use xine: no
Use ffmpeg: no
Use dc1394 & raw1394: no
Use v4l: no
Use v4l2: yes

Wrappers for other languages =========================================
SWIG
Python no

Additional build settings ============================================
Build demo apps yes

Now run make ...

第五步：运行make

#make

make后出现以下错误信息：

../../cxcore/include/cxmisc.h:133:6: error : #elif with no expression

原因分析：
GCC 4.4 will introduce better checks in the preprocessor. The problem
is pretty obvious: you're using a #elif without any condition when
you really want a #else.

You can reproduce this problem with gcc-snapshot from unstable.

> Automatic build of opencv_1.0.0-6.1 on em64t by sbuild/amd64 0.53
...
> /bin/sh ../../libtool --tag=CXX --mode=compile g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I. -I../../cxcore/include -I../.. -DNDEBUG -fno-strict-aliasing -Wall -g -fopenmp -O2 -g -MT cxalloc.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/cxalloc.Tpo -c -o cxalloc.lo cxalloc.cpp
> g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I. -I../../cxcore/include -I../.. -DNDEBUG -fno-strict-aliasing -Wall -g -fopenmp -O2 -g -MT cxalloc.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/cxalloc.Tpo -c cxalloc.cpp -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/cxalloc.o
> In file included from _cxcore.h:60,
> from cxalloc.cpp:42:
> ../../cxcore/include/cxmisc.h:133:6: error: #elif with no expression
> make[4]: *** [cxalloc.lo] Error 1
> make[4]: Leaving directory `/build/tbm/opencv-1.0.0/cxcore/src'
> make[3]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1

解决方法：

解决办法：

--- cxcore/include/cxmisc.h~ 2008-11-07 15:12:58.000000000 +0000 （删除）
+++ cxcore/include/cxmisc.h 2008-11-07 15:13:03.000000000 +0000 （打开）
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
#include <alloca.h>
#elif defined HAVE_ALLOCA
#include <stdlib.h>
-#elif
+#else
#error
#endif

以上的意思就是：把该文件的＃elif 改为＃else后编译成功！！！

第六步：执行./configure,make

#./configure

#make

提示以下错误：

g++ -Wall -fno-rtti -pipe -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -o .libs/opencv-haartraining haartraining.o libcvhaartraining.a ../../../otherlibs/highgui/.libs/libhighgui.so /home/genie/Downloads/opencv-1.0.0/cv/src/.libs/libcv.so ../../../cv/src/.libs/libcv.so /home/genie/Downloads/opencv-1.0.0/cxcore/src/.libs/libcxcore.so ../../../cxcore/src/.libs/libcxcore.so -lpthread -ldl -lm
../../../otherlibs/highgui/.libs/libhighgui.so: undefined reference to `cvCaptureFromCAM_V4L(int)'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[4]: *** [opencv-haartraining] Error 1
make[4]: Leaving directory `/home/genie/Downloads/opencv-1.0.0/apps/haartraining/src'
make[3]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/genie/Downloads/opencv-1.0.0/apps/haartraining'
make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/genie/Downloads/opencv-1.0.0/apps'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/genie/Downloads/opencv-1.0.0'
make: *** [all] Error 2

解决方法：https://code.ros.org/trac/opencv/changeset/5206，可能会有的部分文件目录不同，但内容相同

Unmodified：other
Added：green part
Removed：red part

TabularUnified branches/2.2/opencv/cnconfig.h.cmake

旧行号新行号
19 　　19 /*V4L2 capturing support */
20 　　20 #cmakedefine HAVE_CAMV4L2
　　　　21
　　　　22 /* V4L/V4L2 capturing support via libv4l */
　　　　23 #cmakedefine HAVE_LIBV4L
21 　　24
22 　　25 /* Carbon windowing environment */

TabularUnified branches/2.2/opencv/modules/highgui/src/cap.cpp
172　　 172 　　　　return capture;
173 　　173 #endif
174　　　 #if defined (HAVE_CAMV4L)||defined (HAVE_CAMV4L2)
　　　　 174 #if defined HAVE_LIBV4L || (defined (HAVE_CAMV4L) && defined (HAVE_CAMV4L2))　　　
175 　　175 capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_V4L(index);
176　　 176 if(capture)

TabularUnified branches/2.2/opencv/modules/highgui/src/cap_libv4l.cpp
225　　 225 #include "precomp.hpp"
226 　　226
227 　　　　#if !defined WIN32 && defined HAVE_CAMV4L && defined HAVE_CAMV4L2
　　　　227 #if !defined WIN32 && defined HAVE_LIBV4L
228 228
229 229 #defined CLEAR(x) memset(&(x), 0, sizeof(x))
.... ...
242 242 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
243 243
　　 244 #ifdef HAVE_CAMV4L
244 245 #include <linux/videodev.h>
　　 246 #endif
　　 247 #ifdef HAVE_CAMV4L2
245 248 #include <linux/videodev2.h>
　　249 #endif
246 250
247 251 #include <libv4l1.h>

第7步：添加库
先做系统更新

#apt-get update

#apt-get upgrade

再执行

#apt-cache search opencv

后显示如下信息

libcv-dev - Translation package for libcv-dev
libcv2.3 - computer vision library - libcv* translation package
libcvaux-dev - Translation package for libcvaux-dev
libcvaux2.3 - computer vision library - libcvaux translation package
libhighgui-dev - Translation package for libhighgui-dev
libhighgui2.3 - computer vision library - libhighgui translation package
libopencv-calib3d-dev - development files for libopencv-calib3d
libopencv-calib3d2.3 - computer vision Camera Calibration library
libopencv-contrib-dev - development files for libopencv-contrib
libopencv-contrib2.3 - computer vision contrib library
libopencv-core-dev - development files for libopencv-core
libopencv-core2.3 - computer vision core library
libopencv-dev - development files for opencv
libopencv-features2d-dev - development files for libopencv-features2d
libopencv-features2d2.3 - computer vision Feature Detection and Descriptor Extraction library
libopencv-flann-dev - development files for libopencv-flann
libopencv-flann2.3 - computer vision Clustering and Search in Multi-Dimensional spaces library
libopencv-gpu-dev - development files for libopencv-gpu
libopencv-gpu2.3 - computer vision GPU Processing library
libopencv-highgui-dev - development files for libopencv-highgui
libopencv-highgui2.3 - computer vision High-level GUI and Media I/O library
libopencv-imgproc-dev - development files for libopencv-imgproc
libopencv-imgproc2.3 - computer vision Image Processing library
libopencv-legacy-dev - development files for libopencv-legacy
libopencv-legacy2.3 - computer vision legacy library
libopencv-ml-dev - development files for libopencv-ml
libopencv-ml2.3 - computer vision Machine Learning library
libopencv-objdetect-dev - development files for libopencv-objdetect
libopencv-objdetect2.3 - computer vision Object Detection library
libopencv-video-dev - development files for libopencv-video
libopencv-video2.3 - computer vision Video analysis library
opencv-doc - OpenCV documentation and examples
python-opencv - Python bindings for the computer vision library

再执行：以下命令，根据你自己上面的list做出相应替换，可能有些库会用不到，但为了防止以后出问题，我就全装了。

#apt-get install libcvaux-dev libcvaux2.3 libhighgui-dev libhighgui2.3 libopencv-calib3d-dev libopencv-calib3d2.3 libopencv-contrib-dev libopencv-contrib2.3 libopencv-core-dev libopencv-core2.3 libopencv-dev libopencv-features2d-dev libopencv-features2d2.3 libopencv-flann-dev libopencv-flann2.3 libopencv-gpu-dev libopencv-gpu2.3 libopencv-highgui-dev libopencv-highgui2.3 libopencv-imgproc-dev libopencv-imgproc2.3 libopencv-legacy-dev libopencv-legacy2.3 libopencv-ml-dev libopencv-ml2.3 libopencv-objdetect-dev libopencv-objdetect2.3 libopencv-video-dev libopencv-video2.3 opencv-doc python-opencv

第8步：重新执行./configure和make

#./configure

#make

第9步：我当时基本就没有Error了，然后执行make install，如果你们有错误，欢迎评论告知

第10步：更新动态链接库

#vim /etc/ld.so.conf

在最后一行添加:/usr/local/lib到文件中

执行以下命令：

#ldconfig

至此：安装结束。

验证安装是否成功：

进入到sample/c下

通过

#ls

可以看到有drawing.c这个文件

执行如下命令

# g++ drawing.c -o drawing `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv`

执行./drawing

会提示错误：OpenCV Error: Unspecified error (The function is not implemented. Rebuild the library with Windows, GTK+ 2.x or Carbon support.

原因：简单的解释就是你的GTK+ 2.x要先于OpenCV安装

所以，重新安装gtk+ 2.x，然后重执行

#./configure

#make,

#make install

#make check(检查是否安装全部正确)

再用验证阶段的g++编译，

再执行

#./drawing

就出现了动画效果了。

感谢以下链接及文献，帮我解决了很多问题：

https://code.ros.org/trac/opencv/changeset/5206

http://blog.csdn.net/loveaborn/article/details/7647734

http://www.raben.com/content/opencv-installation-ubuntu-1204

http://opencv.wikispaces.com/1)+Installation+on+Linux

http://blog.163.com/dingmz_frcmyblog/blog/static/217304023201321310532566/

http://bbs.ednchina.com/BLOG_ARTICLE_277614.HTM

http://www.arm9home.net/read.php?tid-15163.html

http://www.arm9home.net/simple/index.php?t15163.html

http://www.arm9home.net/read.php?tid-80418.html

http://www.arm9home.net/read.php?tid-8386.html

《OpenCV教程基础篇》

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