JavaWeb自学(2)

2021-09-24 20:00:47

JavaWeb自学(2)

1、IDEA中Maven的操作

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这个只有在web应用下才会有。

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IDEA标记文件夹功能

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配置Tomcat

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2、问题答疑

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee
                      https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
         version="5.0"
         metadata-complete="true">


    <!--web.xmL中是配置我们web的核心应用-->
    <!--注册ServLet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>top.gujiakai.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <!--一个servlet对应一个Mapping:映射-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <!--请求路经-->
        <url-pattern>/caiwei</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

header.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>我是导航栏</h1>
</body>
</html>

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>top.gujiakai</groupId>
  <artifactId>javaweb-01-maven</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>javaweb-01-maven Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project‘s website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.3.3</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-servlet-api -->
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>javaweb-01-maven</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

HelloServlet.java

package top.gujiakai.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
 * Author: Gu Jiakai
 * Date: 2021/9/5 15:25
 * FileName: top.gujiakai.servlet.HelloServlet
 * Description:
 */
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.println("<html>");
        out.println("<head>");
        out.println("<title>Hello World!</title>");
        out.println("</head>");
        out.println("<body>");
        out.println("<h1>你好！</h1>");
        out.println("</body>");
        out.println("</html>");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

Tomcat使用9版本，使用10版本会报错！

3、HelloServlet

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web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

    <!--注册Servlet-->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>top.gujiakai.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
    <!--servlet的请求路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/caiwei</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

HelloServlet.java

package top.gujiakai.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * Author: Gu Jiakai
 * Date: 2021/9/5 17:17
 * FileName: HelloServlet
 * Description:
 */
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    //由于get或者post只是请求实现的不同的方式，可以相互调用，业务逻辑都一样;
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        System.out.println("进入了doGet()方法");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();//响应流
        writer.write("Hello,Servlet");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

4、Servlet原理

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ErrorServlet.java

package top.gujiakai.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * Author: Gu Jiakai
 * Date: 2021/9/5 18:37
 * FileName: ErrorServlet
 * Description:
 */
public class ErrorServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("<h1>404</h1>");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

    <!--注册Servlet-->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>top.gujiakai.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
    <!--servlet的请求路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/caiwei</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<!--404-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>top.gujiakai.servlet.ErrorServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

5、ServletContext对象

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HelloServlet.java

package top.gujiakai.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Author: Gu Jiakai
 * Date: 2021/9/5 18:52
 * FileName: HelloServlet
 * Description:
 */
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        System.out.println("Hello");
//       this.getInitParameter();
//        this.getServletConfig();servlet配置
//          this.getServletContext();servlet上下文
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String username="*";//数据
        context.setAttribute("username",username);//将一个数据保存在了ServletContext中，名字为: username 。值 username
    }
}

GetServlet.java

package top.gujiakai.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Author: Gu Jiakai
 * Date: 2021/9/5 19:22
 * FileName: GetServlet
 * Description:
 */
public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");

        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("名字"+username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>top.gujiakai.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>top.gujiakai.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

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