IOS开发中需要为创建的数据保存到网络后台长久存储，刚开始想到的是直接连接mysql，但要在ios中安装mysql的控件，实在是麻烦。于是定义一个restful接口，通过http请求的方式来上传和获取数据，是一种比较方便的方式。
本文是基于Django框架，实现以下几个功能：
- Model和ModelForm创建表单
- POST上传图片
一、建立Model与mysql连接
1，定义model
# models.py
from django.db import models
from django.utils.timezone import now
# Create your models here.
class CureData(models.Model):
STATUS_SIZES = (
(0, '进行中'),
(1, '已完成'),
)
name = models.CharField('名称', max_length=50)
cureDuration = models.IntegerField('时长')
create_at = models.DateTimeField("日期", default=now())
note = models.CharField('备注', max_length=200, blank=True)
image = models.ImageField('图片', upload_to='photos', blank=True)
operator = models.CharField('操作者', max_length=50, blank=True)
status = models.IntegerField('状态', default=0, choices=STATUS_SIZES) # 0,进行中; 1,已完成
class Meta:
ordering = ['create_at']
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
2，配置数据库:
在工程的settings.py中设置database
# settings.py
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'mysite',
'USER': 'user',
'PASSWORD': 'yourpassword',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': 3306,
}
}
3，models.py同步到数据库
在shell中移到路径到当前工程根目录,执行命令:
python manage.py makemigrations mysite
python manage.py migrate
二、建立表单
1, forms.py
from django import forms
from models import CureData
class CureDataImageForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = CureData
fields = '__all__' # ['name', 'create_at', ...]
表单中有ImageField，需要在项目的settings.py中添加MEDIA_ROOT路径：
MEDIA_ROOT = './Data/media/'
model中定义的image的参数upload_to='photos'，上传的图片将保存至./Data/meida/photos/目录下。
2, views.py
from mysite.forms import CureDataImageForm
def update_data(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = CureDataImageForm(request.POST or None, request.FILES or None)
if form.is_valid():
image = form.save()
print image.image.url
return HttpResponseRedirect('/mysite/success/')
else:
form = CureDataImageForm()
return render_to_response('mysite/data_form.html', {'form': form})
3, urls.py
# mysite/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, static
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^update_data/$', views.update_data),
url(r'^success/$', views.success),
]
4, html文件
views.py中需要的两个html文件放在mysite/templates/mysite/目录下。
Form要支持上传图片，需要在form中设置 enctype="multipart/form-data"，不设置的话文件不支持上传。
data_form.html
<!-- data_form.html -->
<html>
<head>
<title>data update</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>data update</h1>
{% if form.errors %}
<p style="color: red;">
Please correct the error{{ form.errors|pluralize }} below.
</p>
{% endif %}
<form action="" method="post", enctype="multipart/form-data">
<table>
{{ form.as_p }}
</table>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
success.html
<!-- success.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Success!</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>Success!</div>
</body>
</html>
三、另一种表单创建方式
上面创建表单是一种比较简洁的方式，如果不想所有字段保存到数据库，可以用另一种方式：
1，forms.py
from django import forms
from django.utils.timezone import now
class CureDataForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(label="名称")
cureDuration = forms.IntegerField(label="时长")
create_at = forms.DateTimeField(label="创建时间", initial=now())
note = forms.CharField(label="备注", required=False)
image = forms.FileField(label="图片", required=False)
operator = forms.CharField(label="操作者")
status = forms.IntegerField(label="状态")
2, views.py
from mysite.forms import CureDataForm
def update_data(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = CureDataForm(request.POST or None, request.FILES or None)
if form.is_valid():
cd = form.cleaned_data
print cd
# img_url = form['image']
# print img_url
# 根据用户提交的注册信息在用户信息表中建立一个新的用户对象
cureData = CureData.objects.create(
name = form.cleaned_data['name'],
cureDuration = form.cleaned_data['cureDuration'],
create_at = form.cleaned_data['create_at'],
note=form.cleaned_data['note'],
image=form.cleaned_data['image'],
operator=form.cleaned_data['operator'],
status=form.cleaned_data['status'],
)
cureData.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect('/bbcure/success/')
else:
form = CureDataForm()
return render_to_response('bbcure/data_form.html', {'form': form})
四、效果
shell中执行:
manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
然后在浏览器中打开http://0.0.0.0:8000/mysite/update_data/
注：mysite为项目名称
提交后，数据库中如下：
五、总结
用Django创建站点很方便，只需很少的代码就能架构出一个功能很复杂的网页。本文只是冰山一角，从表单这一小块阐述Django的快速实现。