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话不多说
一、MySQL 创建存储过程
“pr_add” 是个简单的 MySQL 存储过程,这个存储过程有两个 int 类型的输入参数 “a”、“b”,返回这两个参数的和。
drop procedure if exists pr_add;
-- 计算两个数之和
create procedure pr_add
(
a int,
b int
)
begin
declare c int;
if a is null then
set a = 0;
end if;
if b is null then
set b = 0;
end if;
set c = a + b;
select c as sum;
/*
return c;- 不能在 MySQL 存储过程中使用。return 只能出现在函数中。
/
end;
二、调用Mysql存储过程
eg: call pr_add(10,20);
执行 MySQL 存储过程,存储过程参数为 MySQL 用户变量。
set @a = 10;
set @b = 20;
call pr_add(@a, @b);
三、MySQL 存储过程特点
创建 MySQL 存储过程的简单语法为:
create procedure 存储过程名字()
(
[in|out|inout] 参数 datatype
)
begin
MySQL 语句;
end;
MySQL 存储过程参数如果不显式指定“in”、“out”、“inout”,则默认为“in”。习惯上,对于是“in” 的参数,我们都不会显式指定。
如下,给出解释
1. MySQL 存储过程名字后面的“()”是必须的,即使没有一个参数,也需要“()”
2. MySQL 存储过程参数,不能在参数名称前加“@”,如:“@a int”。下面的创建存储过程语法在 MySQL 中是错误的(在 SQL Server 中是正确的)。 MySQL 存储过程中的变量,不需要在变量名字前加“@”,虽然 MySQL 客户端用户变量要加个“@”。
create procedure pr_add
(
@a int,- 错误
b int - 正确
)
3. MySQL 存储过程的参数不能指定默认值。
4. MySQL 存储过程不需要在 procedure body 前面加 “as”。而 SQL Server 存储过程必须加 “as” 关键字。
create procedure pr_add
(
a int,
b int
)
as - 错误,MySQL 不需要 “as”
begin
mysql statement ...;
end;
5. 如果 MySQL 存储过程中包含单条或者多条 MySQL 语句,都需要 begin end 关键字。
create procedure pr_add
(
a int,
b int
)
begin
mysql statement 1 ...;
mysql statement 2 ...;
end;
6.MySQL 存储过程中的每条语句的末尾,都要加上分号 “;”
...
declare c int;
if a is null then
set a = 0;
end if;
...
7. MySQL 存储过程中的注释。
/*
这是个
多行 MySQL 注释。
/
declare c int; - 这是单行 MySQL 注释 (注意- 后至少要有一个空格)
if a is null then 这也是个单行 MySQL 注释
set a = 0;
end if;
...
end;
8. 不能在 MySQL 存储过程中使用 “return” 关键字。
set c = a + b;
select c as sum;
/*
return c;- 不能在 MySQL 存储过程中使用。return 只能出现在函数中。
/
end;
9. 调用 MySQL 存储过程时候,需要在过程名字后面加“()”,即使没有一个参数,也需要“()”
call pr_no_param();
10. 因为 MySQL 存储过程参数没有默认值,所以在调用 MySQL 存储过程时候,不能省略参数。可以用 null 来替代。
call pr_add(10, null);
1、当然以上这些,前提是 mysql 5
2、下面写一个mysql存储过程之 Hello World
-
DELIMITER $$
-
-
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS HelloWorld$$
-
CREATE PROCEDURE HelloWorld()
-
BEGIN
-
SELECT "Hello World!";
-
END$$
-
-
DELIMITER ;
3、变量
使用DECLARE来声明,DEFAULT赋默认值,SET赋值
-
DECLARE counter INT DEFAULT 0; - 默认为0
-
SET counter = counter+1; - 自增+1
4、参数
IN为默认类型,值必须在调用时指定,值不能返回(值传递)
OUT值可以返回(指针传递)
INOUT值必须在调用时指定,值可以返回
eg:
-
CREATE PROCEDURE test(a INT, OUT b FLOAT, INOUT c INT)
5、条件判断
eg:
-
DELIMITER $$
-
-
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS discounted_price$$
-
CREATE PROCEDURE discunted_price(normal_price NUMERIC(8, 2), OUT discount_price NUMERIC(8, 2))
-
BEGIN
-
IF (normal_price > 500) THEN
-
SET discount_price = normal_price * .8;
-
ELSEIF (normal_price > 100) THEN
-
SET discount_price = normal_price * .9;
-
ELSE
-
SET discount_price = normal_price;
-
END IF;
-
END$$
-
-
DELIMITER ;
6、循环
LOOP、END LOOP
eg:
-
DELIMITER $$
-
-
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_loop$$
-
-
CREATE PROCEDURE simple_loop(OUT counter INT)
-
BEGIN
-
SET counter = 0;
-
my_simple_loop: LOOP
-
SET counter = counter+1;
-
IF counter = 10 THEN
-
LEAVE my_simple_loop;
-
END IF;
-
END LOOP my_simple_loop;
-
END$$
-
-
DELIMITER ;
WHILE DO、END WHILE
-
DELIMITER $$
-
-
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_while$$
-
-
CREATE PROCEDURE simple_while(OUT counter INT)
-
BEGIN
-
SET counter = 0;
-
WHILE counter != 10 DO
-
SET counter = counter+1;
-
END WHILE;
-
END$$
-
-
DELIMITER ;
REPEAT、UNTILL
-
DELIMITER $$
-
-
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_repeat$$
-
-
CREATE PROCEDURE simple_repeat(OUT counter INT)
-
BEGIN
-
SET counter = 0;
-
REPEAT
-
SET counter = counter+1;
-
UNTIL counter = 10 END REPEAT;
-
END$$
-
-
DELIMITER ;
7,异常处理
如果用cursor获取SELECT语句返回的所有结果集时应该定义NOT FOUND error handler来防止存储程序提前终结
如果SQL语句可能返回constraint violation等错误时应该创建一个handler来防止程序终结
8,数据库交互
INTO用于存储单行记录的查询结果
-
DECLARE total_sales NUMERIC(8, 2);
-
SELECT SUM(sale_value) INTO total_sales FROM sales WHERE customer_id=in_customer_id;
CURSOR用于处理多行记录的查询结果
-
DELIMITER $$
-
-
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS cursor_example$$
-
CREATE PROCEDURE cursor_example()
-
READS SQL DATA
-
BEGIN
-
DECLARE l_employee_id INT;
-
DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);
-
DECLARE l_department_id INT;
-
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
-
DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id FROM employees;
-
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;
-
-
OPEN cur1;
-
emp_loop: LOOP
-
FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;
-
IF done=1 THEN
-
LEAVE emp_loop;
-
END IF;
-
END LOOP emp_loop;
-
CLOSE cur1;
-
END$$
-
DELIMITER ;
unbounded SELECT语句用于存储过程返回结果集
-
DELIMITER $$
-
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS sp_emps_in_dept$$
-
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_emps_in_dept(in_employee_id INT)
-
BEGIN
-
SELECT employee_id, surname, firstname, address1, address2, zipcode, date_of_birth FROM employees WHERE department_id=in_employee_id;
-
END$$
-
-
DELIMITER ;
UPDATE、INSERT、DELETE、CREATE TABLE等非查询语句也可以嵌入存储过程里
-
DELIMITER $$
-
-
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS sp_update_salary$$
-
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_update_salary(in_employee_id INT, in_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2))
-
BEGIN
-
IF in_new_salary < 5000 OR in_new_salary > 500000 THEN
-
SELECT "Illegal salary: salary must be between $5000 and $500, 000";
-
ELSE
-
UPDATE employees SET salary=in_new_salary WHERE employee_id=in_employee_id;
-
END IF:
-
END$$
-
-
DELIMITER ;
9,使用CALL调用存储程序
-
DELIMITER $$
-
-
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS call_example$$
-
CREATE PROCEDURE call_example(employee_id INT, employee_type VARCHAR(20))
-
NO SQL
-
BEGIN
-
DECLARE l_bonus_amount NUMERIC(8,2);
-
-
IF employee_type='MANAGER' THEN
-
CALL calc_manager_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);
-
ELSE
-
CALL calc_minion_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);
-
END IF;
-
CALL grant_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);
-
END$$
-
DELIMITER ;
10,一个复杂的例子
-
CREATE PROCEDURE putting_it_all_together(in_department_id INT)
-
MODIFIES SQL DATA
-
BEGIN
-
DECLARE l_employee_id INT;
-
DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);
-
DECLARE l_department_id INT;
-
DECLARE l_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2);
-
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
-
-
DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR
-
SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id
-
FROM employees
-
WHERE department_id=in_department_id;
-
-
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;
-
-
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS emp_raises
-
(employee_id INT, department_id INT, new_salary NUMERIC(8,2));
-
-
OPEN cur1;
-
emp_loop: LOOP
-
FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;
-
IF done=1 THEN /* No more rows */
-
LEAVE emp_loop;
-
END IF;
-
CALL new_salary(1_employee_id, l_new_salary); /* Get new salary */
-
IF (l_new_salary <> l_salary) THEN /* Salary changed */
-
UPDATE employees
-
SET salary=l_new_salary
-
WHERE employee_id=l_employee_id;
-
/* Keep track of changed salaries */
-
INSERT INTO emp_raises(employee_id, department_id, new_salary)
-
VALUES (l_employee_id, l_department_id, l_new_salary);
-
END IF:
-
END LOOP emp_loop;
-
CLOSE cur1;
-
/* Print out the changed salaries */
-
SELECT employee_id, department_id, new_salary from emp_raises
-
ORDER BY employee_id;
-
END;
11,存储方法
存储方法与存储过程的区别
1,存储方法的参数列表只允许IN类型的参数,而且没必要也不允许指定IN关键字
2,存储方法返回一个单一的值,值的类型在存储方法的头部定义
3,存储方法可以在SQL语句内部调用
4,存储方法不能返回结果集
语法:
-
CREATE
-
[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]
-
PROCEDURE sp_name ([proc_parameter[,...]])
-
[characteristic ...] routine_body
-
-
CREATE
-
[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]
-
FUNCTION sp_name ([func_parameter[,...]])
-
RETURNS type
-
[characteristic ...] routine_body
-
-
proc_parameter:
-
[ IN | OUT | INOUT ] param_name type
-
-
func_parameter:
-
param_name type
-
-
type:
-
Any valid MySQL data type
-
-
characteristic:
-
LANGUAGE SQL
-
| [NOT] DETERMINISTIC
-
| { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL DATA }
-
| SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }
-
| COMMENT 'string'
-
-
routine_body:
-
Valid SQL procedure statement
各参数说明见CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Syntax
例子:
-
DELIMITER $$
-
-
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS f_discount_price$$
-
CREATE FUNCTION f_discount_price
-
(normal_price NUMERIC(8,2))
-
RETURNS NUMERIC(8,2)
-
DETERMINISTIC
-
BEGIN
-
DECLARE discount_price NUMERIC(8,2);
-
-
IF (normal_price > 500) THEN
-
SET discount_price = normal_price * .8;
-
ELSEIF (normal_price >100) THEN
-
SET discount_price = normal_price * .9;
-
ELSE
-
SET discount_price = normal_price;
-
END IF;
-
-
RETURN(discount_price);
-
END$$
-
-
DELIMITER ;
12,触发器
触发器在INSERT、UPDATE或DELETE等DML语句修改数据库表时触发
触发器的典型应用场景是重要的业务逻辑、提高性能、监控表的修改等
触发器可以在DML语句执行前或后触发
-
-
DELIMITER $$
-
-
DROP TRIGGER sales_trigger$$
-
CREATE TRIGGER sales_trigger
-
BEFORE INSERT ON sales
-
FOR EACH ROW
-
BEGIN
-
IF NEW.sale_value > 500 THEN
-
SET NEW.free_shipping = 'Y';
-
ELSE
-
SET NEW.free_shipping = 'N';
-
END IF;
-
-
IF NEW.sale_value > 1000 THEN
-
SET NEW.discount = NEW.sale_value * .15;
-
ELSE
-
SET NEW.discount = 0;
-
END IF;
-
END$$
-
-
DELIMITER ;
-
-