https://*.com/questions/12288357/creating-deb-to-install-bash-script-program

Basically (install and) run dh-make to set up the debian/ directory, edit the generated files (mainly remove the many you do not need, and fill in a package description and any dependencies in debian/control), then debuild-us -uc -b.

You may also have to set up a simple Makefile for debian/rules to call; it probably only needs an install target to copy the binary to $(DESTDIR)/usr/bin.

Binaries install into /usr/bin and you should not try to override that. The way to have a menu is to add a .desktop file.

Once you have a good .deb you will need to set up a repo for distributing it. The simplest solution is probably to set up a launchpad.net account and create a personal PPA there.

It's not hard to find more information on these topics, but of course, you need to know what to look for. The canonical documentation is the Debian New Maintainer's Guide.