Java多线程:ThreadPoolExecutor详解

ThreadPoolExecutor是JDK并发包提供的一个线程池服务,基于ThreadPoolExecutor可以很容易将一个Runnable接口的任务放入线程池中。

ThreadPoolExecutor的构建参数:

    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
             Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), handler);
    }

1. 参数解释
corePoolSize:         核心线程数,会一直存活,即使没有任务,线程池也会维护线程的最少数量
maximumPoolSize: 线程池维护线程的最大数量
keepAliveTime:      线程池维护线程所允许的空闲时间,当线程空闲时间达到keepAliveTime,该线程会退出,直到线程数量等于corePoolSize。如果allowCoreThreadTimeout设置为true,则所有线程均会退出直到线程数量为0。
unit: 线程池维护线程所允许的空闲时间的单位、可选参数值为:TimeUnit中的几个静态属性:NANOSECONDS、MICROSECONDS、MILLISECONDS、SECONDS。
workQueue: 线程池所使用的缓冲队列,常用的是:java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue、LinkedBlockingQueue、SynchronousQueue
handler: 线程池中的数量大于maximumPoolSize,对拒绝任务的处理策略,默认值ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()。


2. execute方法
一个任务通过 execute(Runnable)方法被添加到线程池,任务就是一个Runnable类型的对象,任务的执行方法就是run()方法,如果传入的为null,侧抛出NullPointerException。

3. 处理机制
当一个任务通过execute(Runnable)方法欲添加到线程池时:
如果当前线程池中的数量小于corePoolSize,即使线程池中处于Running状态,也要添加的任务。
如果当前线程池中的数量等于corePoolSize,但是缓冲队列 workQueue未满,那么任务被放入缓冲队列、等待任务调度执行。
如果当前线程池中的数量大于corePoolSize,缓冲队列workQueue已满,并且线程池中的数量小于maximumPoolSize,新提交任务会创建新线程执行任务

如果当前线程池中的数量大于corePoolSize,缓冲队列workQueue已满,并且线程池中的数量等于maximumPoolSize,新提交任务由Handler处理

当线程池中的线程大于corePoolSize时,多余线程空闲时间超过keepAliveTime时,会关闭这部分线程。

Java多线程:ThreadPoolExecutor详解

RejectedExecutionHandler  有四个选择:

ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()              当线程池中的数量等于最大线程数时、直接抛出抛出java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException异常

    public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates an {@code AbortPolicy}.
         */
        public AbortPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Always throws RejectedExecutionException.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         * @throws RejectedExecutionException always.
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
                                                 " rejected from " +
                                                 e.toString());
        }
    }

ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()       当线程池中的数量等于最大线程数时、重试添加当前的任务,交由调用者线程来执行任务

   public static class CallerRunsPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code CallerRunsPolicy}.
         */
        public CallerRunsPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Executes task r in the caller‘s thread, unless the executor
         * has been shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                r.run();
            }
        }
    }

ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy()   当线程池中的数量等于最大线程数时、抛弃线程池中最后一个要执行的任务,并执行新传入的任务

  public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code DiscardOldestPolicy} for the given executor.
         */
        public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Obtains and ignores the next task that the executor
         * would otherwise execute, if one is immediately available,
         * and then retries execution of task r, unless the executor
         * is shut down, in which case task r is instead discarded.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                e.getQueue().poll();
                e.execute(r);
            }
        }
    }

ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy()            当线程池中的数量等于最大线程数时,不做任何动作
    public static class DiscardPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code DiscardPolicy}.
         */
        public DiscardPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Does nothing, which has the effect of discarding task r.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        }
    }

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