准备训练的数据集

由于我原本的数据集是没有经过任何处理的，格式如图所示：
data文件夹对应的图像集的标签在training.csv文件夹中，如图所示：

而输入的图像文件却需要满足ImageFolder的格式：

class ImageFolder(DatasetFolder):
    """A generic data loader where the images are arranged in this way: ::

        root/dog/xxx.png
        root/dog/xxy.png
        root/dog/xxz.png

        root/cat/123.png
        root/cat/nsdf3.png
        root/cat/asd932_.png

我通过convert_dataset.py文件对图像格式进行转化。

import pandas as pd
import shutil
import os

def convert_dataset(csv_filename, pre_path, root_path):
    path_lst = []
    # pre_path = "af2020cv-2020-05-09-v5-dev/data"


    data_file = pd.read_csv(csv_filename)
    id_tuple = tuple(data_file["FileID"].values.tolist())
    classes_tuple = tuple(data_file["SpeciesID"].values.tolist())

    try:
        for i in range(len(id_tuple)):
            new_path = os.path.join(root_path, str(classes_tuple[i]))
            if not os.path.exists(new_path):
                os.makedirs(new_path)
            shutil.copy(os.path.join(pre_path, id_tuple[i]+".jpg"),os.path.join(new_path,id_tuple[i]+".jpg"))
    except:
        print("match error")


pre_path = "af2020cv-2020-05-09-v5-dev/data"  #图片文件之前所在文件夹
train_root_path = "images/train"  #待训练图片存储文件夹的路径
test_root_path = "images/test"    #训练时验证集存储文件夹的路径
train_filename = 'af2020cv-2020-05-09-v5-dev/training.csv'   #待读取的训练csv文件
test_filename = 'af2020cv-2020-05-09-v5-dev/annotation.csv'                             #待读取的验证csv文件


# 生成ImageFolder所要求的图片格式
if __name__ == '__main__':
    convert_dataset(train_filename, pre_path, train_root_path)
    convert_dataset(test_filename, pre_path, test_root_path)
    print("dataset converting is finished!")

处理结果如图所示：

训练自己的数据集及绘制acc_loss图像

训练和预测模型代码参考两篇博客：

1. EfficientNet 训练测试自己的分类数据集
2. EfficientNet训练自己的烟火识别算法

基于上述两篇博客，我得到自己的模型代码：underwater_classify.py

from __future__ import print_function, division

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.autograd import Variable
from torchvision import datasets, models, transforms
import time
import os
import json
from efficientnet_pytorch.model import EfficientNet
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# some parameters
image_dir = './tests/fe803d232e3c959f95e4df9b9b383432.jpg'
use_gpu = torch.cuda.is_available()
os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = "0"
data_dir = 'images'
batch_size = 64
lr = 0.01
momentum = 0.9
num_epochs = 80
input_size = 224
class_num = 20
net_name = 'efficientnet-b3'


def loaddata(data_dir, batch_size, set_name, shuffle):
    data_transforms = {
        'train': transforms.Compose([
            transforms.Resize(input_size),
            transforms.CenterCrop(input_size),
            transforms.RandomAffine(degrees=0, translate=(0.05, 0.05)),
            transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
            transforms.ToTensor(),
            transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
        ]),
        'test': transforms.Compose([
            transforms.Resize(input_size),
            transforms.CenterCrop(input_size),
            transforms.ToTensor(),
            transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
        ]),
    }

    image_datasets = {x: datasets.ImageFolder(os.path.join(data_dir, x), data_transforms[x]) for x in [set_name]}
    # print(image_datasets)
    # num_workers=0 if CPU else =1
    dataset_loaders = {x: torch.utils.data.DataLoader(image_datasets[x],
                                                      batch_size=batch_size,
                                                      shuffle=shuffle, num_workers=1) for x in [set_name]}
    data_set_sizes = len(image_datasets[set_name])
    return dataset_loaders, data_set_sizes


def train_model(model_ft, criterion, optimizer, lr_scheduler, num_epochs=50):
    train_loss = []
    loss_all = []
    acc_all = []
    since = time.time()
    best_model_wts = model_ft.state_dict()
    best_acc = 0.0
    model_ft.train(True)
    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        dset_loaders, dset_sizes = loaddata(data_dir=data_dir, batch_size=batch_size, set_name='train', shuffle=True)
        # print(dset_loaders)
        print('Data Size', dset_sizes)
        print('Epoch {}/{}'.format(epoch, num_epochs - 1))
        print('-' * 10)
        optimizer = lr_scheduler(optimizer, epoch)

        running_loss = 0.0
        running_corrects = 0
        count = 0

        for data in dset_loaders['train']:
            # print(data)
            inputs, labels = data
            labels = torch.squeeze(labels.type(torch.LongTensor))
            if use_gpu:
                inputs, labels = Variable(inputs.cuda()), Variable(labels.cuda())
            else:
                inputs, labels = Variable(inputs), Variable(labels)

            outputs = model_ft(inputs)
            loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
            _, preds = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)

            optimizer.zero_grad()
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()

            count += 1
            if count % 30 == 0 or outputs.size()[0] < batch_size:
                print('Epoch:{}: loss:{:.3f}'.format(epoch, loss.item()))
                train_loss.append(loss.item())

            running_loss += loss.item() * inputs.size(0)
            running_corrects += torch.sum(preds == labels.data)

        epoch_loss = running_loss / dset_sizes
        epoch_acc = running_corrects.double() / dset_sizes
        loss_all.append(int(epoch_loss*100))
        acc_all.append(int(epoch_acc*100))
        # print(epoch_loss)

        print('Loss: {:.4f} Acc: {:.4f}'.format(
            epoch_loss, epoch_acc))

        if epoch_acc > best_acc:
            best_acc = epoch_acc
            best_model_wts = model_ft.state_dict()
        if epoch_acc > 0.999:
            break

    # save best model
    save_dir = data_dir + '/model'
    model_ft.load_state_dict(best_model_wts)
    model_out_path = save_dir + "/" + net_name + '.pth'
    torch.save(best_model_wts, model_out_path)
    
    # plot the figure of acc and loss
    x1 = list(range(len(acc_all)))
    x2 = list(range(len(loss_all)))
    y1 = acc_all
    y2 = loss_all
    plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
    # plt.plot(x1, y1, 'o-',color='r')
    plt.plot(x1, y1, 'o-', label="Train_Accuracy")
    plt.title('train acc vs. iter')
    plt.ylabel('train accuracy')
    plt.legend(loc='best')
    plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
    plt.plot(x2, y2, '.-', label="Train_Loss")
    plt.xlabel('train loss vs. iter')
    plt.ylabel('train loss')
    plt.legend(loc='best')
    plt.savefig(save_dir + "/"+"acc_loss.png")
    plt.show()

    time_elapsed = time.time() - since
    print('Training complete in {:.0f}m {:.0f}s'.format(
        time_elapsed // 60, time_elapsed % 60))

    return train_loss, best_model_wts


def test_model(model, criterion):
    model.eval()
    running_loss = 0.0
    running_corrects = 0
    cont = 0
    outPre = []
    outLabel = []
    dset_loaders, dset_sizes = loaddata(data_dir=data_dir, batch_size=16, set_name='test', shuffle=False)
    for data in dset_loaders['test']:
        inputs, labels = data
        labels = torch.squeeze(labels.type(torch.LongTensor))
        inputs, labels = Variable(inputs.cuda()), Variable(labels.cuda())
        outputs = model(inputs)
        _, preds = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
        loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
        if cont == 0:
            outPre = outputs.data.cpu()
            outLabel = labels.data.cpu()
        else:
            outPre = torch.cat((outPre, outputs.data.cpu()), 0)
            outLabel = torch.cat((outLabel, labels.data.cpu()), 0)
        running_loss += loss.item() * inputs.size(0)
        running_corrects += torch.sum(preds == labels.data)
        cont += 1
    print('Loss: {:.4f} Acc: {:.4f}'.format(running_loss / dset_sizes,
                                            running_corrects.double() / dset_sizes))


def exp_lr_scheduler(optimizer, epoch, init_lr=0.01, lr_decay_epoch=10):
    """Decay learning rate by a f#            model_out_path ="./model/W_epoch_{}.pth".format(epoch)
#            torch.save(model_W, model_out_path) actor of 0.1 every lr_decay_epoch epochs."""
    lr = init_lr * (0.8**(epoch // lr_decay_epoch))
    print('LR is set to {}'.format(lr))
    for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
        param_group['lr'] = lr

    return optimizer


# train
pth_map = {
    'efficientnet-b0': 'efficientnet-b0-355c32eb.pth',
    'efficientnet-b1': 'efficientnet-b1-f1951068.pth',
    'efficientnet-b2': 'efficientnet-b2-8bb594d6.pth',
    'efficientnet-b3': 'efficientnet-b3-5fb5a3c3.pth',
    'efficientnet-b4': 'efficientnet-b4-6ed6700e.pth',
    'efficientnet-b5': 'efficientnet-b5-b6417697.pth',
    'efficientnet-b6': 'efficientnet-b6-c76e70fd.pth',
    'efficientnet-b7': 'efficientnet-b7-dcc49843.pth',
}
# 自动下载到本地预训练
# model_ft = EfficientNet.from_pretrained('efficientnet-b0')
model_ft = EfficientNet.from_name('efficientnet-b3')
# 离线加载预训练，需要事先下载好
# model_ft = EfficientNet.from_name(net_name)
# net_weight = 'eff_weights/' + pth_map[net_name]
# state_dict = torch.load(net_weight)
# model_ft.load_state_dict(state_dict)

# 修改全连接层
num_ftrs = model_ft._fc.in_features
model_ft._fc = nn.Linear(num_ftrs, class_num)

criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
if use_gpu:
    model_ft = model_ft.cuda()
    criterion = criterion.cuda()

optimizer = optim.SGD((model_ft.parameters()), lr=lr,
                      momentum=momentum, weight_decay=0.0004)

train_loss, best_model_wts = train_model(model_ft, criterion, optimizer, exp_lr_scheduler, num_epochs=num_epochs)

# test
print('-' * 10)
print('Test Accuracy:')
model_ft.load_state_dict(best_model_wts)
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss().cuda()
test_model(model_ft, criterion)

运行以上代码，得到的训练好的模型存储在images/model路径中

绘制得到的acc_loss图像也存储在images/model中，图像如图所示：

此外我们还得到了一个整体分类评估结果：

分类自己的数据集

生成label_map

1. 由于分类的时候需要得到每一张图片的labels，这样我们通过预测的准确率和对应的labels就可以知道对输入图片的分类的结果，因此首先我们需要生成自己的labels_map，其格式为json。
2. 运行create_map.py

import pandas as pd
import os
import json

def create_map(csv_filename, txt_name):
    # if not os.path.exists(txt_name):
        # os.makedirs(txt_name)
    data_file = pd.read_csv(csv_filename)
    id_list = data_file["ID"].values.tolist()
    classes_list = data_file["ScientificName"].values
    
    # dict_map = dict(zip(id_list, classes_list))
    dict_map = dict(zip(id_list, id_list))
    json_map = json.dumps(dict_map)
    # print(json_map)
    with open(txt_name, 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
        f.write(json_map)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    csv_filename = "af2020cv-2020-05-09-v5-dev/species.csv"
    txt_name = "underwater.txt"
    create_map(csv_filename, txt_name)

通过以上代码，便得到了标签，如图所示：

分类自己的数据集

1. 训练的时候也得到了一个分类结果，但是那个不属于完整意义的分类，可以理解为对认为分类好的结果的整体评估。
2. 因此如何实现模型自动分类呢？

对单张图片实现分类

运行test_prediction.py

from __future__ import print_function, division

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.autograd import Variable
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
import numpy as np
import torch.nn.functional as FUN
import os
from scipy import io
import json
from efficientnet_pytorch.model import EfficientNet
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont

input_size = 224
class_num = 20
image_dir = './images/test/10/0b38a8ed01e51cd614bc8ffb0197a598.jpg'
use_gpu = torch.cuda.is_available()




def test_model(model):
    model.eval()
    tfms = transforms.Compose([transforms.Resize(224), transforms.ToTensor(),
    transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225]),])
    image = Image.open(image_dir)
    img = tfms(image).unsqueeze(0)
    img = Variable(img.cuda())
    # print(img.shape) # torch.Size([1, 3, 224, 224])
    
    labels_map = json.load(open('examples/simple/underwater.txt'))
    labels_map = [labels_map[str(i)] for i in range(20)]

    with torch.no_grad():
        outputs = model(img)
    # Print predictions
    print('-----')
    cout = 0
    for idx in torch.topk(outputs, k=20).indices.squeeze(0).tolist():
        cout += 1
        prob = torch.softmax(outputs, dim=1)[0, idx].item()
        print('{label:<75} ({p:.2f}%)'.format(label=labels_map[idx], p=prob*100))



if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 自动下载到本地预训练
    # model_ft = EfficientNet.from_pretrained('efficientnet-b0')
    model_ft = EfficientNet.from_name('efficientnet-b1')
    # 离线加载预训练，需要事先下载好
    # model_ft = EfficientNet.from_name(net_name)
    # net_weight = 'eff_weights/' + pth_map[net_name]
    # state_dict = torch.load(net_weight)
    # model_ft.load_state_dict(state_dict)

    # 修改全连接层
    num_ftrs = model_ft._fc.in_features
    model_ft._fc = nn.Linear(num_ftrs, class_num)
    if use_gpu:
        model_ft = model_ft.cuda()
    print('-' * 10)
    print('Test Accuracy:')
    model_ft.load_state_dict(torch.load("./images/model/efficientnet-b1.pth"))
    # criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss().cuda()
    test_model(model_ft)

分类结果如图所示：

结果中我只打印了准确度前五的物体标签，测试的图片就是标签为0，对应的物体是Eretmochelys imbricata。百度信息如下：

而我输入的图片为下图：

因此此次预测单张图片的分类结果是准确的，准确度为95.03%！

对多张图片进行分类

由于需要读取多张图片，因此我们首先需要解决的就是图片的路径问题。
未完待续
附：以上代码将用于未来杯水下图片发类比赛，请参加同一比赛的同学谨慎使用，6.23号（比赛结束时间）以后可以*使用！