Istio - crds - Vistrual Service

> 虚拟服务(Vistrual Service)是 Istio 重要的资源对象之一,作用是将流量路由到网格中的服务。支持基于权重、http header条件等优先级的路由,比Kuberentes service对于流量的管控更加的丰富,颗粒度更加精细。


#### 有了 Kubernetes Service,为什么还需要 Istio Vistrual Service

简单来说,基于 Kubernetes Service,只可以实现简单的流量负载均衡,如果想实现基于HTTP Header,负载百分比等等复杂的流量控制就无从下手了,Istio Vistrual Service在原本 Kubernetes Service 的功能之上,提供了更加丰富的路由控制。


#### 通过例子来理解

有两个Deployment(nginx 及 httpd),通过Service关联到一起,通过访问Service只能做到简单的负载均衡,通过实验发现 nginx 和 httpd 流量各自在 50% 左右。


Deployment & Service

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%
      maxUnavailable: 25%
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
        server: web
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: 'nginx:latest'
          name: nginx-deployment
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: httpd
  name: httpd-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: httpd
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%
      maxUnavailable: 25%
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: httpd
        server: web
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: 'httpd:latest' 
          name: httpd-deployment 
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: nginx
  type: ClusterIP
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: httpd-service
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: httpd
  type: ClusterIP
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: web-service
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    server: web
  type: ClusterIP

Istio - crds - Vistrual Service



如果想实现更加细颗粒度的流量管控,通过引入Istio Vistrual Service 非常简单的就实现复杂的流量管理。


VirtualService 根据 Destination 进行调度,并且设置相关的负载百分比实现精准的控制。


apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: web-vs
spec:
  hosts:
  - web-service
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: nginx-service
      weight: 80
    - destination:
   host: httpd-service
      weight: 20

Istio - crds - Vistrual Service



通过客户端测试以上的实验,请留意客户端也必须经过 Istio 注入,因为只有客户端被 Istio 注入才可以接收到来自 Pilot 有关 Virtual Service 和 Destination Rule 的配置信息,才可以保证流量接管生效。


apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: client-deployment
  name: client-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: client-deployment
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%
      maxUnavailable: 25%
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: client-deployment
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: 'busybox:latest'
          name: client-deployment
          command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "sleep 3600"]

wget -q -O - web-service



#### Vistrual Service 除了权重之外,还有条件匹配

很多场景下,需要针对不同的用户已提供个性化的服务等(提前内测新版本),例如针对地理位置、是否为VIP等等,那就需要对 httpd 流量进行识别匹配。


####

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: web-vs
spec:
  hosts:
  - web-service
  http:
  - match:
    - headers:
        end-user:
          exact: carryyip
      uri:
        prefix: "/health"
      ignoreUriCase: true
    route:
      - destination:
          host: httpd-service
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: nginx-service


基于 HttpMatchRequest,路由规则从上到下进行优先级排序,在生产环境中建议使用一个无条件的规则作为最后规则,确保流量始终会匹配到最少一条规则,防止意外情况的方式。


路由规则从 match 关键字开始匹配,可以使用精确 exact 和 前缀 prefix 或者 正则表达式进行不同场景下的匹配。



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