JDBC连接MySQL数据库

JDBC连接MySQL数据库

步骤:

  1. 加载驱动
  2. 连接数据库(DriverManager)
  3. 获得执行SQL的对象(statement)
  4. 获得返回的结果集(resultset)
  5. 释放连接

具体代码:

import java.sql.*;

//我的第一个JDBC程序
public class JdbcFirstDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        //1.加载驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");// 固定写法,加载驱动

        //2.用户信息和URL useUnicode=true 支持中文编码 characterEncoding=utf8 设置中文集为utf-8 &useSSL=true 使用安全链接
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcstudy?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=true";
        String username = "root";
        String password = "123456";

        //3.连接成功 数据库对象Connection代表数据库
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password);

        //4.执行sql的对象Statement
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();

        //5.执行sql
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM `users`";
        ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);//返回的结果集
        while(resultSet.next()){
            System.out.println("id="+resultSet.getObject("id"));
            System.out.println("name="+resultSet.getObject("NAME"));
            System.out.println("pwd="+resultSet.getObject("PASSWORD"));
            System.out.println("email="+resultSet.getObject("email"));
            System.out.println("birth="+resultSet.getObject("birthday"));
        }

        //6.关闭连接
        resultSet.close();
        statement.close();
        connection.close();
    }

}

statement对象

JDBC中的stetement对象用于向数据库发送SQL语句,想完成对数据库的增删改查,只需要通过这个对象向数据库发送增删改查语句即可。

Statement.executeUpdate方法,用于向数据库发送增删改的SQL语句,executeUpdate执行完后,将会返回一个整数(即增删改语句导致了数据库几行数据发生了变化)。

Statement.executeQuery方法用于向数据库发送查询语句,executeQuery方法返回代表查询结果的ResultSet对象。

增删改查操作--create

使用executeUpdate(String sql)方法完成数据添加操作,示例操作:

Statement st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "insert into user(...) values(...)";
int num = st.executeUpdate(sql);
if(num>0){
    System.out.println("插入成功")
}

增删改查操作--delete

使用exeucteUpdate(String sql)方法完成数据删除操作,示例操作:

Statement st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "delete from user where id = 1";
int num = st.executeUpdate(sql);
if(num>0){
    System.out.println("删除成功");
}

增删改查操作--update

使用exeucteUpdate(String sql)方法完成数据修改操作,示例操作:

Statement st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "update user set name=‘‘ where name = ‘‘";
int num = st.executeUpdate(sql);
if(num>0){
    System.out.println("修改成功");
}

增删改查操作--query

使用exeucteQuery(String sql)方法完成数据查询操作,示例操作:

Statement st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "select * from user where id = 1";
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
while(rs.next()){
    //根据获取列的数据类型,分别调用rs的响应方法映射到java对象中
    System.out.println("id="+resultSet.getInt("id"));
    System.out.println("name="+resultSet.getString("NAME"));
    System.out.println("pwd="+resultSet.getString("PASSWORD"));
    System.out.println("email="+resultSet.geString("email"));
    System.out.println("birth="+resultSet.getDate("birthday"));
}

提取工具类方法:

工具类代码:

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JdbcUtils {
    private static String driver = null;
    private static String url = null;
    private static String username = null;
    private static String password = null;
    static{
        try {
            InputStream in = JdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            properties.load(in);
            driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
            url = properties.getProperty("url");
            username = properties.getProperty("username");
            password = properties.getProperty("password");

            //1.驱动只用加载一次
            Class.forName(driver);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //获取连接
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password);
    }

    //释放连接资源
    public static void release(Connection conn, Statement st, ResultSet rs){
        if(rs!=null){
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(st!=null){
            try {
                st.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(conn!=null){
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

增加测试类:

import com.qsy.lesson02.utils.JdbcUtils;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class TestInsert {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement st = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();//获取数据库连接
            st = conn.createStatement();//获得SQL的执行对象
            String sql = "INSERT INTO users(id,`NAME`,`PASSWORD`,`email`,`birthday`)"+
                    "VALUES(4,‘zhaoliu‘,‘123456‘,‘444444@163.com‘,‘2021-5-27‘)";
            int i = st.executeUpdate(sql);
            if(i>0){
                System.out.println("插入成功");
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            JdbcUtils.release(conn,st,rs);
        }
    }
}

删除测试类:

import com.qsy.lesson02.utils.JdbcUtils;s

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class TestDelete {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement st = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();//获取数据库连接
            st = conn.createStatement();//获得SQL的执行对象
            String sql = "DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 4";
            int i = st.executeUpdate(sql);
            if(i>0){
                System.out.println("删除成功");
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            JdbcUtils.release(conn,st,rs);
        }
    }
}

修改测试类:

import com.qsy.lesson02.utils.JdbcUtils;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class TestUpdate {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement st = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();//获取数据库连接
            st = conn.createStatement();//获得SQL的执行对象
            String sql = "UPDATE users SET `NAME`=‘WANGWU‘ WHERE id = 3";
            int i = st.executeUpdate(sql);
            if(i>0){
                System.out.println("修改成功");
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            JdbcUtils.release(conn,st,rs);
        }
    }
}

查询测试类:

import com.qsy.lesson02.utils.JdbcUtils;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class TestQuery {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement st = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();//获取数据库连接
            st = conn.createStatement();//获得SQL的执行对象
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 1";
            rs = st.executeQuery(sql);//返回的结果集
            while(rs.next()){
                System.out.println("id="+rs.getObject("id"));
                System.out.println("name="+rs.getObject("NAME"));
                System.out.println("pwd="+rs.getObject("PASSWORD"));
                System.out.println("email="+rs.getObject("email"));
                System.out.println("birth="+rs.getObject("birthday"));
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            JdbcUtils.release(conn,st,rs);
        }
    }
}

JDBC连接MySQL数据库

上一篇:数据库建表语句备份(一)


下一篇:jsp连接mysql数据库 ——查询