不得不说,cocos2d-x的版本更迭真是快,而最新的cocos2d-x v3.0 Beta版本中包含了许多新的特性和与之前2.x版本不同的内容,虽然说,目前3.0只是beta版本,但目前很多游戏已经采用这个3.0版本了,估计3.0的最终版本也会很快推出。
从创建项目开始了解一下这个最新的3.0版本的一些新特性吧!
一、创建项目(针对在mac os x中进行开发)
在前面我有一篇文章 点击打开链接 已经介绍过在 cocos2dx 2.2 版本中创建项目只能是在终端中进行,对于习惯了在xcode中直接通过项目模板生成项目的来说,这样的方式的确是有点不太方便。
但是在cocos2d-x v3.0 Beta版本中,采用了一种比较人性化图形界面创建方式。
在这里 点击打开链接 有详细的新版本使用介绍。
下面我实践一下如何创建一个 cocos2dx for ios & osx 的项目。(有两种方式)
1、第一种,当然是延续了2.2版本之后的直接命令行创建,这个具体方法可以请参考我之前的文章。点击打开链接
Example:
$ cd cocos2d-x/tools/project-creator
$ ./project-creator.py -n mygame -k com.your_company.mygame -l cpp -p /home/mygame
$ cd /home/mygame
cocos2d-x v3.0 Release Notes
Misc Information
- Download: http://cdn.cocos2d-x.org/cocos2d-x-3.0beta.zip
- Full Changelog: https://github.com/cocos2d/cocos2d-x/blob/cocos2d-x-3.0beta/CHANGELOG
- API Reference: http://www.cocos2d-x.org/reference/native-cpp/V3.0beta/index.html
Requirements
Runtime Requirements
- Android 2.3 or newer
- iOS 5.0 or newer
- OS X 10.7 or newer
- Windows 7 or newer
-
Windows Phone 8 or newerN/A for the moment - Linux Ubuntu 12.04 (or newer)
-
Browsers via EmscriptenN/A for the moment -
MarmaladeN/A for the moment -
BlackBerryN/A for the moment
Compiler Requirements
- Xcode 4.6 (for iOS or Mac)
- gcc 4.7 for Linux or Android. For Android ndk-r9 or newer is required.
- Visual Studio 2012 (for Windows)
Highlights of v3.0
- Replaced Objective-C patters with C++ (C++11) patterns and best practices
- Improved Labels
- Improved renderer
- New Event Dispatcher
- Physics integration
- New GUI
- JavaScript remote debugger
- Remote Console support
- Refactor Image - release memory in time and uniform the api of supported file format
- Automatically generated Lua bindings, add LuaJavaBridge and LuaObjcBridge
- Templated containers
Features in detail
C++11 features
Feature added in v3.0-pre-alpha0
A subset of C++11 features are being used in cocos2d-x:
-
std::function
, including lambda objects for callbacks - strongly typed enums, for most of the cocos2d-x enums and constants
-
std::thread
for threading -
override
context keyword, for overriden methods
std::function
-
CallFunc
can be created with anstd::function<void()>
-
CallFuncN
can be created with anstd::function<void(Node*)>
-
CallFuncND
andCallFuncO
were removed since it can be created with simulated withCallFuncN
andCallFunc
. See ActionsTest.cpp for more examples -
MenuItem
supportsstd::function<void(Node*)>
as callbacks
CallFunc
example:
MenuItem
example:
strongly typed enums
Feature added in v3.0-pre-alpha0
Constants and enums that started with k
,
and that usually were defined as int
or
as simple enum
where replaced with strongly
typed enums ( enum class
) to prevent collisions
and type errors. The new format is:
| v2.1 | v3.0 |
| kTypeValue | Type::VALUE |
Examples:
| v2.1 | v3.0 |
| kCCTexture2DPixelFormat_RGBA8888 | Texture2D::PixelFormat::RGBA8888 |
| kCCDirectorProjectionCustom | Director::Projection::CUSTOM |
| ccGREEN | Color3B::GREEN |
| CCPointZero | Point::ZERO |
| CCSizeZero | Size::ZERO |
The old values can still be used, but are not deprecated.
override
To catch possible errors while overriding methods, subclasses with override methods have the override
context
keyword. Example:
Removed Objective-C patterns
Feature added in v3.0-pre-alpha0
No more ‘CC‘ prefix for C++ classes and free functions
Changes in classes
Since cocos2d-x already uses the cocos2d
namespace,
there is not need to add the prefix CC
to
all its classes.
Examples:
| v2.1 | v3.0 |
| CCSprite | Sprite |
| CCNode | Node |
| CCDirector | Director |
| etc... |
v2.1 class names are still available, but they were tagged as deprecated.
Changes in free functions
For the drawing primitives:
- They were added in the
DrawPrimitives
namespace - The
cc
prefix was removed
For the gl proxy functions:
- They were added in the
GL
namespace - The
ccGL
prefix was removed
Examples:
| v2.1 | v3.0 |
| ccDrawPoint() | DrawPrimitives::drawPoint() |
| ccDrawCircle() | DrawPrimitives::drawCircle() |
| ccGLBlendFunc() | GL::blendFunc() |
| ccGLBindTexture2D() | GL::bindTexture2D() |
| etc... |
v2.1 free functions are still available, but they were tagged as deprecated.
clone() instead of copy()
clone()
returns an autoreleased version
of the copy.
copy()
is no longer supported. If you use
it, it will compile, but the code will crash.
Example:
Singletons use getInstance() and destroyInstance()
All singletons use getInstance()
and destroyInstance()
(if
applicable) to get and destroy the instance.
Examples:
| v2.1 | v3.0 |
| CCDirector->sharedDirector() | Director->getInstance() |
| CCDirector->endDirector() | Director->destroyInstance() |
| etc... |
v2.1 methods are still available, but they were tagged as deprecated.
getters
Getters now use the get
prefix.
Examples:
| v2.1 | v3.0* |
| node->boundingBox() | node->getBoundingBox() |
| sprite->nodeToParentTransform() | sprite->getNodeToParentTransform() |
| etc... |
And getters were also tagged as const
in
their declaration. Example:
v2.1 methods are still available, but they were tagged as deprecated.
POD types
Methods that were receiving POD types as arguments (eg: TexParams
, Point
, Size
,
etc.) are being passed as const
reference.
Example:
New Renderer
Feature added in v3.0-beta
The renderer functionality has been decoupled from the Scene graph / Node logic. A new object called Renderer
is
responsible for rendering the object.
Auto-batching and auto-culling support has been added.
Please, see this document for detail information about its internal funcitonality:https://docs.google.com/document/d/17zjC55vbP_PYTftTZEuvqXuMb9PbYNxRFu0EGTULPK8/edit
Improved LabelTTF / LabelBMFont
Feature added in v3.0-alpha0
New EventDispatcher
Feature added in v3.0-alpha0
All events like touch event, keyboard event, acceleration event and custom event are dispatched by EventDispatcher
.TouchDispatcher
, KeypadDispatcher
, KeyboardDispatcher
, AccelerometerDispatcher
were
removed.
Adding Touch Event Listener
For TouchOneByOne:
For TouchAllAtOnce
Adding Mouse Event Listener
Adding A Keyboard Event Listener
Adding An Acceleration Event Listener
Adding A Custom Event Listener
Dispatching A Custom Event
Setting Fixed Priority For A Listener
Removing Event Listener
Removing A Specified Event Listener
Removing Custom Event Listener
Removing All Listeners For An Event Listener Type
Removing All Listeners
Physics Integration
Feature added in v3.0-pre-alpha0
Physics integration have five concepts: PhysicsWorld
, PhysicsBody
, PhysicsShape
, PhysicsJoint
and PhysicsContact
.
You must define CC_USE_PHYSICS
macro in ccConfig.h
to
use the physics API.
PhysicsWorld
A PhysicsWorld
object simulates collisions
and other physical properties, you do not create it directly, you can get it from scene which create with physics.
PhysicsBody
A PhysicsBody
object is used to add physics
simulation to a node. If you create a PhysicsBody
and
set it to a node, and add the node the a scene which create with physics, it will perform the physics simulation when update.
PhysicsShape
A PhysicsShape
object is a shape that make
the body can have collisions. you can add one or more PhysicsShape
to
aPhysicsBody
. Shape classes: PhysicsShapeCircle
, PhysicsShapeBox
, PhysicsShapePolygon
, PhysicsShapeEdgeSegment
,PhysicsShapeEdgeBox
, PhysicsShapeEdgePolygon
, PhysicsShapeEdgeChain
.
PhysicsJoint
A PhysicsJoint
object connects two physics
bodies together so that they are simulated together by the physics world. Joint classes: PhysicsJointFixed
, PhysicsJointLimit
, PhysicsJointPin
, PhysicsJointDistance
, PhysicsJointSpring
,PhysicsJointGroove
, PhysicsJointRotarySpring
, PhysicsJointRotaryLimit
, PhysicsJointRatchet
, PhysicsJointGear
,PhysicsJointMotor
.
PhysicsContact
A PhysicsContact
object is created automatically
to describes a contact between two physical bodies in a PhysicsWorld
.
you can control the contact behavior from the physics contact event listener. Other classes contain the contact information:PhysicsContactPreSolve
, PhysicsContactPostSolve
.
The event listener for physics: EventListenerPhysicsContact
,EventListenerPhysicsContactWithBodies
, EventListenerPhysicsContactWithShapes
, EventListenerPhysicsContactWithGroup
.
Misc API Changes
ccTypes.h
Remove cc prefix for structure names in ccTypes.h, move global functions into static member functions, and move global constants into const static member variables.
| v2.1 struct names | v3.0 struct names |
| ccColor3B | Color3B |
| ccColor4B | Color4B |
| ccColor4F | Color4F |
| ccVertex2F | Vertex2F |
| ccVertex3F | Vertex3F |
| ccTex2F | Tex2F |
| ccPointSprite | PointSprite |
| ccQuad2 | Quad2 |
| ccQuad3 | Quad3 |
| ccV2F_C4B_T2F | V2F_C4B_T2F |
| ccV2F_C4F_T2F | V2F_C4F_T2F |
| ccV3F_C4B_T2F | V3F_C4B_T2F |
| ccV2F_C4B_T2F_Triangle | V2F_C4B_T2F_Triangle |
| ccV2F_C4B_T2F_Quad | V2F_C4B_T2F_Quad |
| ccV3F_C4B_T2F_Quad | V3F_C4B_T2F_Quad |
| ccV2F_C4F_T2F_Quad | V2F_C4F_T2F_Quad |
| ccBlendFunc | BlendFunc |
| ccT2F_Quad | T2F_Quad |
| ccAnimationFrameData | AnimationFrameData |
Global functions changed example
deprecated functions and global variables
| v2.1 names | v3.0 names |
| ccp | Point |
| ccpNeg | Point::- |
| ccpAdd | Point::+ |
| ccpSub | Point::- |
| ccpMult | Point::* |
| ccpMidpoint | Point::getMidpoint |
| ccpDot | Point::dot |
| ccpCrosss | Point::cross |
| ccpPerp | Point::getPerp |
| ccpRPerp | Point::getRPerp |
| ccpProject | Point::project |
| ccpRotate | Point::rotate |
| ccpUnrotate | Point::unrotate |
| ccpLengthSQ | Point::getLengthSq() |
| ccpDistanceSQ | Point::getDistanceSq |
| ccpLength | Point::getLength |
| ccpDistance | Point::getDistance |
| ccpNormalize | Point::normalize |
| ccpForAngle | Point::forAngle |
| ccpToAngle | Point::getAngle |
| ccpClamp | Point::getClampPoint |
| ccpFromSize | Point::Point |
| ccpCompOp | Point::compOp |
| ccpLerp | Point::lerp |
| ccpFuzzyEqual | Point::fuzzyEqual |
| ccpCompMult | Point::Point |
| ccpAngleSigned | Point::getAngle |
| ccpAngle | Point::getAngle |
| ccpRotateByAngle | Point::rotateByAngle |
| ccpLineInersect | Point::isLineIntersect |
| ccpSegmentIntersect | Point::isSegmentIntersect |
| ccpIntersectPoint | Point::getIntersectPoint |
| CCPointMake | Point::Point |
| CCSizeMake | Size::Size |
| CCRectMake | Rect::Rect |
| PointZero | Point::ZERO |
| SizeZero | Size::ZERO |
| RectZero | Rect::ZERO |
| TiledGrid3DAction::tile | TiledGrid3DAction::getTile |
| TiledGrid3DAction::originalTile | TiledGrid3DAction::getOriginalTile |
| TiledGrid3D::tile | TiledGrid3D::getTile |
| TiledGrid3D::originalTile | TiledGrid3D::getOriginalTile |
| Grid3DAction::vertex | Grid3DAction::getVertex |
| Grid3DAction::originalVertex | Grid3DAction::getOriginalVertex |
| Grid3D::vertex | Grid3D::getVertex |
| Grid3D::originalVertex | Grid3D::getOriginalVertex |
| Configuration::sharedConfiguration | Configuration::getInstance |
| Configuration::purgeConfiguration | Configuration::destroyInstance() |
| Director::sharedDirector() | Director::getInstance() |
| FileUtils::sharedFileUtils | FileUtils::getInstance |
| FileUtils::purgeFileUtils | FileUtils::destroyInstance |
| EGLView::sharedOpenGLView | EGLView::getInstance |
| ShaderCache::sharedShaderCache | ShaderCache::getInstance |
| ShaderCache::purgeSharedShaderCache | ShaderCache::destroyInstance |
| AnimationCache::sharedAnimationCache | AnimationCache::getInstance |
| AnimationCache::purgeSharedAnimationCache | AnimationCache::destroyInstance |
| SpriteFrameCache::sharedSpriteFrameCache | SpriteFrameCache::getInstance |
| SpriteFrameCache:: purgeSharedSpriteFrameCache | SpriteFrameCache::destroyInstance |
| NotificationCenter::sharedNotificationCenter | NotificationCenter::getInstance |
| NotificationCenter:: purgeNotificationCenter | NotificationCenter::destroyInstance |
| Profiler::sharedProfiler | Profiler::getInstance |
| UserDefault::sharedUserDefault | UserDefault::getInstance |
| UserDefault::purgeSharedUserDefault | UserDefault::destroyInstance |
| Application::sharedApplication | Application::getInstance |
| ccc3() | Color3B() |
| ccc3BEqual() | Color3B::equals() |
| ccc4() | Color4B() |
| ccc4FFromccc3B() | Color4F() |
| ccc4f() | Color4F() |
| ccc4FFromccc4B() | Color4F() |
| ccc4BFromccc4F() | Color4B() |
| ccc4FEqual() | Color4F::equals() |
| ccWHITE | Color3B::WHITE |
| ccYELLOW | Color3B::YELLOW |
| ccBLUE | Color3B::BLUE |
| ccGREEN | Color3B::GREEN |
| ccRED | Color3B::RED |
| ccMAGENTA | Color3B::MAGENTA |
| ccBLACK | Color3B::BLACK |
| ccORANGE | Color3B::ORANGE |
| ccGRAY | Color3B::GRAY |
| kBlendFuncDisable | BlendFunc::BLEND_FUNC_DISABLE |
Changes in the Lua bindings
Use bindings-generator tool for Lua binding
Only configurating the *.ini files in the tools/tolua folder,not to write a lot of *.pkg files
Use ScriptHandlerMgr to manage the register and unregister of Lua function
When we want to add register and unregister functions of Lua function for class, we need to change the declarative and defined files and then bind to Lua. In v3.0, we use the ScriptHandlerMgr
.
As an example, lets see the MenuItem
class:
In the 2.x version, we needed to add a declaration in the MenuItem header file:
then implement them in the .cpp file. In the Lua script ,we use it as follow:
In v3.0 version, we only need to add the HandlerType
enum
in the ScriptHandlerMgr
, and the implementation
in luascript as follow:
Use "cc" and "ccs" as module name
Deprecated funtions, tables and classes
Add a lot of deprecate funtions、table and classes to support 2.x version as far as possible Note:Rect
does not support the origin and size member variables
Use the Lua table instead of the some structs and classes binding
Point、Size、Rect、Color3b、Color4b、Color4F、AffineTransform、FontDefinition、Array、Dictionary、PointArray are not bound. The difference is as follow:
Global functions about these classes are changed as follow:
Through the funtions of the LuaBasicConversion file,they can be converted the Lua table when they are as a parameter in the bindings generator.
Known issues
You can find all the known issues "here":http://www.cocos2d-x.org/projects/native/issues