Exercise 3

deficit   adjust   exposure  condense  asset   competent

Precise    exceed   beneficial  adequate

1. The mayor decided to ____condense_____ his speech in order to leave enough time for his audience to raise questions.
2. It was reported that there was a vehicle missing every 20 seconds in the US. If the trends continue, experts predict annual vehicle thefts could __exceed_____ two million.
3. Researchers put patients through a set of psychological tests to determine the negative consequences of sleep __deficit_____.
4. Too much ___exposure ____ to dirty air can cause people to suffer from allergies and diseases that will eventually affect people’s health.
5. Moving forward even in the face of great difficulties has become my most important __asset____ in my life since it has helped me accomplish something remarkable.
6. The lawyer proclaimed they couldn’t jump to conclusions because acceptable conclusions must be supported by ___adequate ____ facts and evidence.
7. To help the employees be more communicative, the company is offering workshops for those who may be professionally __competent__but socially awkward.
8. Most parents, in fact, are not very helpful with the problems that their sons and daughters have in __adjusting___ to their college life.
9. You can count how many students passed an exam, but psychological and emotional feelings cannot be __precisely____ measured.
10. In short, participation in sports is extremely ___beneficial____ for college students not only physically but also emotionally and socially.

Exercise 4

  al/  ial

1.manager (n)---managerial (adj)

2.editor (n) ---editorial (adj) 

3. substantial (adj)---  substance (n)

4. survive  (v)----survival (n)

5. traditional  (adj)---tradition (n)

6.marginal (adj) --margin  (n)

cy

1.consistent (adj)_-consistency (n)

2. accurate (adj)---accuracy (n)

3. efficiency (n) ---efficient  (adj)

-y

1. recover (v) -- recovery (n)

2. minister (n) ----ministry (n)

3. assemble (v)  --assembly (n)

Exercise  5

1. Careful and detailed planning, plus a firm _editorial __ hand, was an essential ingredient in the success of the book. ( editor )
2. In terms of health condition, we must not forget that health __recovery__ is brought about not by doctors but by patients themselves.  (recover)
3. With the help with the textbook, you’ll possibly speak, read  and write English with fluency and __accuracy___.   (accurate)
4. While he was trying to get through the crowd, the passenger was taken away because security members found an explosive __substance__ in his bag.  (substantial)
5. Dave was newly hired by our company, and he is a good choice for the position since he gained rich __managerial___ experience when he was working for another company.  (manager)
6. Students especially like the design of the textbook that provides a(n) _margin_____ on each page to let them conveniently take notes.   ( marginal )
7. It was Henry Ford who introduced the moving ___assembly__ belts into his plants, which enabled an enormous increase in production.   (assemble)
8. When the People’s * was founded, the school was run by the _Ministry____ of Education.  (minister)
9. The climate has changed too much and too quickly: This is why wild animal __survival____ is becoming more and more difficult every year.  (survive)
10.  If you live in India or West Africa, where there is a long ___tradition__ of speaking English, you would tend to acquire a variety of pronunciation. ( traditional )
11. In regard to the development of moral standards in the growing child, __consistency____ is very important when parents teach their children. (consistent)
12. Just as most people have realized, jogging is a cheap, quick and ___efficient_____way to maintain physical fitness. (efficiency)

Exercise 7

be serious about   make sense    run into   be attracted to distinguish between    thrust upon  get lose  feel obliged to look upon as  be allergic to 

1. Since we have invited all the other neighbors to our 25th wedding anniversary party, we __feel obliged to ___ invite the Browns too.
2. Most of the time, no one will care about natural disasters, and they won’t _be serious about____ avoiding disasters till one has really struck.
3. When you ___run into_____ a friend that you haven’t seen for a long time and have a good chat with him, you may feel very happy and delighted.
4. It is very important to ___distinguish between____ facts and opinions in order to have a better understanding of what a reading passage is talking about.
5. Though he was very excited about being elected as the president of the students association, many extra responsibilities have been __thrust upon____ him ever since then.
6. The doctor, having no knowledge that I ____was allergic to _____ this particular drug, prescribed the medicine.
7. It is understandable that, without any support, a 16-year old can easily__get lost___ in a committee of people in their forties.
8. It is hoped that some new high-tech companies will ____be attracted to ____ this small, old town to encourage loans for building houses and factories.
9. It doesn’t __make sense ___ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
10. A few years later, Franklin got married, started his own printing shop, and was __looked upon as____ as a successful young businessman.

Unit 2

Exercise 3

boost   prospect   calculate   accelerate   promote 

Mystery   destruction   analysis    insight   barrier

1. In our class, most discussions and activities take place in assigned small groups. These groups provide a supportive and safe environment that ___promotes___ learning.
2. It is the development strategy for the company to ___accelerate ___ its overseas expansion in order to take a slice of the world market.
3. Nearly six million people go to see the Mona Lisa every year, attracted by the ___mystery____ of her smile. When you are not looking at her, she seems to be smiling; when you look at her, she stops.

4. To live with a family whose native language is English is the ideal way to further improve one’s English and to gain_   insight___ into its culture.

5. there is a real need to _boost __ academic achievement in schools and help with the development of a student’s overall character.

6. Einstein said his scientific discovery grew from his imagination rather than from _ analysis__, reason and language.

7. Being a single parent, there is no way for her to__calculate____ the time and energy she has devoted to her children for the past 10 years.

8. it is essential that you start by listening because one of the main __barriers___teenagers and their parents face in forming positive relationship is that neither listens to the other.

9. We all know the dangers of an earthquake: the __destruction____ to buildings, the troubles can be caused by falling trees, and the terror occurs when the earth actually opens up.

1. Not until recently have we realized that the increasing world population may lead to potential gloomy_____prospect_____for humanity: starvation.

Exercise 5

1. The woman has made up her mind again to go on a diet to get rid of the _excess____ ( excessive ) of her weight, though she failed several times in the past.
2. Experts generally agree that diet has an important ____bearing__ ( bear ) on one’s health in addition to many other known factors.
3. Despite the fact that I have tried to be __objective_____ ( object ), the book is still a bit subjective, as it reflects my own interests and experiences.
4. With more overseas companies trying to obtain the big project recently open to the public, the competition in this market is bound to ___intensify____ ( intense) .
5. It was difficult to make a decision, but now that we have made the decision, we may ____execute___( executive ) the scheme as previously agreed.
6. The new movie to be shown this summer is a(n) ____promising__ ( promise ) one; it is likely to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.
7. While going over the document, please make sure that there are no provisions in the treaty that would _____exclude____( exclusive) either side from taking part in it.
8. For security purposes, always remember to check carefully the ___identity____ ( identify ) of any caller who wants to get permission to your home.
9. I don’t think it’s wise of you to show off your intelligence or great knowledge in front of the director, for it may ____offend___ ( offensive ) him.
10. As the strong earthquake had done severe damage to their homes, many people had to stay in temporary __housing___ ( house ) for a few months.

Exercise  7

prepare for   be bound to   stand up for   in favor of    speculate about   in the company of    in the form of      be liable to     invest---with---    in succession

1. Because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food and ____are liable to_____ experience an iron deficiency.

2. Some reform advocates ignore the impact of class size on the student achievement, and they are __in favor of ______ what they call as a priority: teacher effectiveness.

3. because of easy access to the Internet, the new breakthrough to create something truly creative ___is bound __to___ happen anytime now.

4. Indeed, if teachers want to ____speculate about__ how far students might get in life, a better measurement than grades might be how hard the students try.

5. Nature has __invested____ these animals __with____ a capacity for not showing fear.

6. During the weeks of discussion, delegations from groups who are interested in the resolution may call on representatives to ____stand up for _____ their point of view.

7. Plato was a superb writer, and his works are part of the world’ s great literature. Most of his existing work is ___in the form of____ dialogs and letters.

8. Young people should enter into a broad flexible training program, through which they can learn a lot and be_____prepared  for_____ their future career.

9.The young man is very happy and proud to be ___in the company of _ the old professor, because he always feel great when talking with him.

10. One day they passed more than 20 villages _____in succession_____, and some of these are said to have stretched for six miles or more.

Unit 3

Exercise 3

phase       label    parallel   sensible   peculiar   

equivalent   radical   resent    predict    witness

1.Ernest Hemingway’s keen insight into his society, ardent love for people and perceptive ability helped him to form his own _peculiar___ characteristic of writing.

2.The project is on the point of collapse, and unless something very__radical___ is done to repair the damage there will be no hope for the project.

3. It’s not unusual for teenagers to go through a(n) _phase___ when they feel ashamed of their parents, afraid that they might not live up to their friends’ standards.

4.It is _sensible___ for every family to make earthquake emergency plans and know how to leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake.

5. Economists are interested in all the factors that can help to _predict____ the extent to which a price change will affect supply and demand in the market.

6.Starting Monday, all foods _labeled___ “ organic” must be up to the strict national demands that the government decided to put into effect now.

7.There is more to a woman than her looks, so I __resent___ the fact that after a woman grows old and loses her looks people stop paying attention to her.

8.Apart from technological development, the 20th century __witnessed____ an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural transformation.

9.Unlike the practice in China, if you’re at a hotel restaurant in the United States, expect a 15-20 percent service charge or add the __equivalent____ amount yourself.

10.The change in smoking habits __parallels ____ a change in the incidence of lung cancer. The more people smoke, the more chances of occurrence for lunge cancer.

Exercise 5

1. One thing that helps you to listen to your thoughts is to keep a(n) __journal ____ ( journalist ) because it helps to record various insights you gain when doing daily activities.
2. The country went through a(n) _chaotic__ (chaos) period of social and economic transformation: a boom in banking, engineering, scientific research and political thinking.
3. After the disaster many people began to suggest that government offices that help with storm preparations ___cooperate____( cooperation ) with offices that monitor wild animals.
4. Even though people didn’t expect much, the president’s speech did little to prevent the ____erosion____( erode ) of people’s confidence in the government.
5. New Zealand’s economy has probably been going through a more ____dramatic____ (drama) revolution recently than that of any other western countries.
6. The language teacher gave the students a short list of words that are in common use in the UK but would either _confuse___ ( confusion ) or even offend Americans.
7. My middle daughter received three scholarships to attend a summer military ____academy__(academic). Later she became our city’s first international foreign-exchange student.
8. Systematic sampling of West German voters carried out in 1979-1980 indicated that 13 percent of all voters in the Federal Republic were ____rightists____( right ) in their political view.
9. People who spend more time on the internet experienced more ___depression___ (depress) and loneliness than those who spend less time on the Net.

1. Though he did not ___dictate____ (dictation) his speech to the audience, he went at a pace slow enough for the listeners to take down a lot of what he said.
2. Speaking of clone, most of the physical differences between the original and the copies are so minor that ___detection___ (detect) of them would require a sophisticated laboratory.
3. The up-to-date ___classification___ ( classify ) of books in the newly-built school library helps you to find the books you want more quickly than before.

Exercise 7

resort to   prior to   make allowances for

back off    wonder at   give way to

saddle with  base upon/ on

1.As the result of her divorce, she was obviously __saddled with_____ the double burden of playing the role of both mother and father.

2.Don’t be intimidated by people who think they are smarter than you, and don’t ___back off_____ when facing competition; inner confidence is important.

3. As our sweet childhood __gives way to ____ adolescence’s temptation of love, we begin to learn, as adults, that most pleasures do not last forever.

4. In the economic recession, employers ___resorted to ___ the reduction of costs, most particularly in wages, in order to survive in the competitive world markets.

5. People from abroad can take part in the intensified language program because schools have to __make allowances for____ students whose English is not their first language.

6.Talking about negotiation, once an agreement is made, the Chinese sometimes__wonder at __ the slow pace in which Westerners implement the decision.

7. Earthquakes occur without warning; however, is is claimed that some animals can feel earthquakes ___prior to __ occurrences because of their highly sensitive organs.

8. An allowance can be __based on ___ your child’s age, your own financial resources, the expenses it will cover and the goals you and your child wish to accomplish.

Unit 4

Exercise 3

commence  deserve  tempting   coordinate    lodge  confess    grant    proceed    display    consequently

1. When the police caught up with him, Mr. Foster had to __confess___ that he’d broken the speed limit.
2. Whenever my boss makes a decision that I don’t agree with, I tell him what I really think, though it’s ___tempting____ to make him happy by telling him his ideas are always right.
3. As can be probably perceived, a manned trip to Mars may soon ___commence____ since scientists have achieved the manned moon mission.
4. A number of countries are ___coordinating___ their efforts to send out food to the area worst affected by the flood.
5. State governments and colleges themselves have ___granted___ financial help to students with special abilities and those with financial need.
6. The committee agreed that his papers ___deserved____ a wider circulation because of their essential and fundamental interest to a larger audience.
7. The anger and frustration __displayed___ by the local people who do not understand what is happening to them will be a terrible and dangerous force.
8. Americans defend the right to obtain a gun and they have ___consequently_____ been willing to turn a blind eye to the harm that people owning guns have caused.
9. As the financial ministry rejected the deal for its “ lack of clarity”, it ____lodged___ a complaint with the European Commission that this deal was against the law.

1. Dogs cannot distinguish the color of traffic lights, so the master must make the decision of when it is safe to ____proceed___ across the road.

Exercise  5

1. Employers have found that many young competitors have the basic and best _____qualifications__ ( qualify) for success and they are intelligent, creative and hard-working.

2.Since parents are usually the major source of social support in early life, a child’s ____perception___( perceive) of parental love may have important effects on their life.

3.The storm was the most powerful to hit Hawaii this century. It greatly destroyed the sugar and coffee ___plantations___ (plant).

4.Scientists have developed through hard work a new material that cannot be ____compressed___(compress) even under extremely high pressure.

5.Law students tend to become highly concerned with matters of proper procedure and ____exhibit____ (exhibition) an increased tendency to reason.

6.He was a greedy person and never felt ___contented____(content) with what he had, so he could hardly make any close friends.

7.Your fashion choices make a statement about your interests and intentions, and these statements are subject to cultural ___interpretation____(interpret).

8.Both sides of the negotiation should create conditions for the peaceful resolution of the issue and avoid taking actions that would ____complicate____(complicated) the situation further.

9.The architecture student could not understand their professor’s__illustration__( illustrate ) of the new library structure until he showed them the plans.

10.After an analysis of his personality, I realized that his stories were a(n) ___extension___(extend) of his desires to rise to higher and higher positions.

11.Car manufacturers stamp vehicle ___identification____(identify) numbers at several locations on new cars to help track down the vehicles in case they are stolen.

12. The defense lawyer gave many excellent examples to show that the police officer had acted in self-defense and shot the man with ____justification____( justify)

Exercise 7

immune to  fall in love with 

go along with    on one’s behalf

be filled with   take the liberty of

expel from   be pessimistic about

1. She authorized her partner to carry out the daily responsibilities _on her behalf _ when she was on her business trip.
2. On hearing the latest news about your mother’s ill health, I took the liberty of canceling your reservation at the Sheraton.
3. There was an obvious indication that the police who have to enforce the new law were not ___immune to____ the general discontent.
4. When she heard of her failure in the experiment, her eyes __were filled with __ tears; whether it was of shame, frustration, or grief was difficult to tell.
5. Rose knows that continuous letters from John, together with countless roses, are aimed at making her ____fall in love with_ him.
6. ____Expelled from___ public school for drinking and smoking and then failing in show business as a singer, she joined her father’s business 10 years ago.
7. Since the great scandals in banking, many people in the country have __been pessimistic about __ the prospects of economic recovery within a few years.

1. The parents were quite happy to ____go along with___ our suggestion because it had taken their most important concerns into consideration.

Unit  5

Exercise  3

manipulate  contradict   paradox  perspective    defy  

suspend    tackle       retain    derive        explicit

1.The "discipline" message asks people to save while the "enjoy yourself" message asks people to spend; therefore, they _____contradict ___ each other.

2.It is a(n) ___paradox ___that in some odd way world peace appears to depend on our spending millions of pounds on weapons that can kill us all.

3.It is far more effective for parents to allow for the child’s____perspective ____ and let him make his own choice rather than make a decision for him.

4.When you are writing any directions for people,you've got to be direct and____explicit ____to make everything rightly understood.

5.The new teaching program was___suspended_____ last semester because the teachers in the department protested its demand for more intense work.

6.He is a very considerate and generous person,and he is also one of those who can often __derive______pleasure from helping others.

7.Many children are addicted to computers, so they often___defy____their parents and play the computer games for hours every day.

8.My roommate is always very optimistic, and that's why he still__retains____ his good humor after all the setbacks.

9.There is a widely held suspicion that the politician, though retired, still has great power and is____manipulating____events behind the scenes.

10.The organization has been working with local authorities as well as regional government and officials to___tackle_____ the problem of climate change.

Exercise  5

1.Public opinion was becoming more___concentrated_____ on environmental pollution problems; more and more people were discussing and arguing about them.(concentration)

2.Martin Luther King is a(n)__messenger____worked for peace: he has shown the Western world that a struggle can be waged without.(message)

3.Every man ought not to steal, cheat, or destroy the property of others. There is no place for this sort of behavior in a(n)___civilized____society.(civilization)

4.The right to pursue happiness is promised to Americans by the US __Constitution___,but nowadays no one seems quite sure what exactly is meant by happiness.(constitute)

5.You will need to replace your old___browser___ and install a new one. You will need this new software to view web pages.(browse)

6.Rock music appealed to Sandy so much that she turned up the volume on her player, paying no attention to her father's____objection__.(object)

7. As a college student, you should learn things extensively and aim for a(n)___expansion_____ of knowledge well beyond your area of specialization.(expand)

8. Because women care much about their appearance and restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not__consume__ enough Iron-rich food.(consumer)

9.The problem is that most students don't really know the exact___definition___of plagiarism(剽窃) or its consequences, so they don't consider it a serious crime.(define)

10.Garden__cultivation___of roses began about 5,000 years ago. They were used at celebrations, for medical purposes, and as a source of perfume.(cultivate)

11. The talks next week will focus on economic development of the region and our immediate__reaction___to the ever-worsening condition of the environment.(react)

12.The_negotiation____on the trade disputes between the two super large companies went on for years as neither side would give in.(negotiate)

Exercise  7

take stock of    put off        at odds with   on track  

take in         consult with    refer to      do one’s utmost

1.People who work in offices are___referred to ____ as“ white- collar workers"for the simple reason that they traditionally wear a white shirt with a collar and a tie to go to work.

2.When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence that was _at odds with ___his earlier statement made a few hours ago.

3.In order to persuade his daughter to ___put off___the marriage, the father quoted statistics showing mixed-race couples had higher divorce rates than same-race.

4.The mother made the decision to give cough medicine and Aspirin to her sick child without__consulting with____ the child's doctor.

5. Both professional experts and school teachers say that children tend to___do their utmost___ when they see their parents making similar efforts.

6. As she entered the most dynamic period of her career, Kylie__took stock of ___her success and tried to analyze the strong impact of her college education.

7. The chief executive George Grey is confident that current growth levels can be maintained since all the group's development projects stay___on track___.

8.It is very important for students to understand and___take in___new information. Besides, they should examine and judge information carefully and then make the right decisions.