[root@web01 conf.d]# vim Mario.conf 
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name 192.168.15.7;
    location / {
    root /opt/Super_Mario;
        index index.html;    
    }
    location ~ /images {
        root /opt/image;
    }
}

# 下载Nginx源代码包
[root@lb01 ~]# wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz
# 解压
[root@lb01 ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz
# 进入源代码目录
[root@lb01 ~]# cd nginx-1.20.2
# 安装依赖包
[root@lb01 nginx-1.20.2]# yum install openssl openssl-devel zlib zlib-devel -y
# 设置编译参数
[root@lb01 nginx-1.20.2]# ./configure  --with-http_gzip_static_module    --with-stream     --with-http_ssl_module
# 编译
[root@lb01 nginx-1.20.2]# make 
# 安装
[root@lb01 nginx-1.20.2]# make install 
# 优化
[root@lb01 nginx]# mkdir /etc/nginx
[root@lb01 nginx]# mv /usr/local/nginx/conf/* /etc/nginx/
[root@lb01 nginx]# mkdir /etc/nginx/conf.d
# 修改配置文件（拷贝以下web01的），统一内容
[root@web01 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    # 拷贝到lb01配置文件中
[root@lb01 nginx]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@lb01 nginx]# groupadd www -g 666
[root@lb01 nginx]# useradd www -u 666 -g 666 -M -r -s /sbin/nologin
[root@lb01 nginx]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/
After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/bin/sh -c "/bin/kill -s HUP $(/bin/cat /var/run/nginx.pid)"
ExecStop=/bin/sh -c "/bin/kill -s TERM $(/bin/cat /var/run/nginx.pid)"
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@lb01 sbin]# ln -s /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@lb01 sbin]# mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/
# 重载 
[root@lb01 sbin]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@lb01 sbin]# mkdir /var/log/nginx
[root@lb01 sbin]# systemctl start nginx 
# 查看模块
[root@lb01 nginx]# nginx -V

[root@lb01 conf.d]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/game.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name _;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://172.16.1.7:80;
    }
}
# 测试
真机访问192.168.15.5（lb01）

Syntax:    proxy_set_header field value;
Default:    proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
            proxy_set_header Connection close;
Context:    http, server, location
 
# 用户请求的时候HOST的值是linux.proxy.com, 那么代理服务会像后端传递请求的还是linux.proxy.com
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
# 将$remote_addr的值放进变量X-Real-IP中，$remote_addr的值为客户端的ip
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
# 客户端通过代理服务访问后端服务, 后端服务通过该变量会记录真实客户端地址
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

# 添加参数
[root@lb01 nginx]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/game.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name _;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://172.16.1.7:80;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}
[root@lb01 nginx]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@lb01 nginx]# systemctl restart nginx

#nginx代理与后端服务器连接超时时间(代理连接超时)
Syntax: proxy_connect_timeout time;
Default: proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
Context: http, server, location
 
#nginx代理等待后端服务器的响应时间
Syntax:    proxy_read_timeout time;
Default:    proxy_read_timeout 60s;
Context:    http, server, location
 
#后端服务器数据回传给nginx代理超时时间
Syntax: proxy_send_timeout time;
Default: proxy_send_timeout 60s;
Context: http, server, location

# 添加以下参数
proxy_connect_timeout 1s;   # 连接时间
proxy_read_timeout 3s;     # 响应时间
proxy_send_timeout 3s;     # 回传代理时间
[root@lb01 nginx]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/game.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name _;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://172.16.1.7:80;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        # -----------------------------------------------------
        proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
        proxy_read_timeout 3s;
        proxy_send_timeout 3s;
    }
}

#nignx会把后端返回的内容先放到缓冲区当中，然后再返回给客户端，边收边传, 不是全部接收完再传给客户端
Syntax: proxy_buffering on | off;
Default: proxy_buffering on;  
Context: http, server, location
 
#设置nginx代理保存用户头信息的缓冲区大小
Syntax: proxy_buffer_size size;
Default: proxy_buffer_size 4k|8k;
Context: http, server, location
 
#proxy_buffers 缓冲区
Syntax: proxy_buffers number size;
Default: proxy_buffers 8 4k|8k;
Context: http, server, location
proxy_buffering on; 
proxy_buffer_size 8k;
proxy_buffers 8 8k;

# 添加参数
proxy_buffering on;  # 打开缓冲区
proxy_buffer_size 8k;   # 缓冲区大小，设置为8kb
proxy_buffers 8 8k;   # 8个缓冲区，每个缓冲区8kb
[root@lb01 nginx]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/game.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name _;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://172.16.1.7:80;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        # -----------------------------------------------------
        proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
        proxy_read_timeout 3s;
        proxy_send_timeout 3s;
        # ----------------------------------------------------
        proxy_buffering on;
        proxy_buffer_size 8k;
        proxy_buffers 8 8k;
    }
}

[root@lb01 ~]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@lb01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/proxy_params 
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 10s;
proxy_read_timeout 10s;
proxy_send_timeout 10s;
proxy_buffering on;
proxy_buffer_size 8k;
proxy_buffers 8 8k;
# 编辑配置文件，通过添加外部配置文件-include，就不需要写上述的参数了
[root@lb01 conf.d]# vim game.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name _;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://172.16.1.7:80;
        include /etc/nginx/proxy_params;
    }
}
# 测试
通过监控进程来查看真实ip是否为本机访问的真实ip即可
tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log

将后端服务打包成一个IP连接池。
1、反向代理格式
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name _;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://[连接池];
    }
}
2、IP连接池格式
upstream [连接池名称] {
    server [ip]:[port];
    server [ip]:[port];
    server [ip]:[port];
}

# 搭建
web02和web03 用nginx搭建马里奥小游戏
1、上传文件到/opt/目录下
[root@web01 conf.d]# scp Super_Mario.tar.gz 172.16.1.8:/opt/
[root@web01 conf.d]# scp Super_Mario.tar.gz 172.16.1.9:/opt/
2、下载nginx ： yum install nginx
3、编辑配置文件：Mario.conf
[root@web01 conf.d]# scp Mario.conf 172.16.1.8:/etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@web01 conf.d]# scp Mario.conf 172.16.1.9:/etc/nginx/conf.d/
4、修改配置文件和web01统一
[root@web01 conf.d]# scp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 172.16.1.8:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
[root@web01 conf.d]# scp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 172.16.1.9:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
5、web02和web03测试配置文件和重启服务
 nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 systemctl restart nginx 
# lb01实现负载均衡
6、创建连接池
[root@lb01 conf.d]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/game.conf
upstream supermarie {
    server 172.16.1.7:80;
    server 172.16.1.8:80;
    server 172.16.1.9:80;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name _;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://supermarie;
        include /etc/nginx/proxy_params;
    }
}
[root@lb01 conf.d]# nginx -t
[root@lb01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx 
# 测试真机访问lb01 ip

# 通过web01字符显示示例
[root@web01 Super_Mario]# echo Web01 > web.html
[root@web01 Super_Mario]# echo Web02 > web.html
[root@web01 Super_Mario]# echo Web03 > web.html
# 默认情况下，Nginx负载均衡的轮询状态。
upstream supermarie {
    server 172.16.1.7:80;
    server 172.16.1.8:80;
    server 172.16.1.9:80;
}

# Nginx中的权重0-100，数字越大，权重越高。
upstream supermarie {
    server 172.16.1.7:80 weight=9;
    server 172.16.1.8:80 weight=5;
    server 172.16.1.9:80 weight=1;
}
# 这样web01获得流量分配的几率就大

# 每一个IP固定访问某一个后端。
upstream supermarie {
    server 172.16.1.7:80;
    server 172.16.1.8:80;
    server 172.16.1.9:80;
    ip_hash;
}
# 这样就固定访问web01服务器ip，172.16.1.7

# 暂时不分配流量
upstream supermarie {
    server 172.16.1.7:80 down;
    server 172.16.1.8:80;
    server 172.16.1.9:80;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name _;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://supermarie;
        include /etc/nginx/proxy_params;
    }
}
# 这样172.16.1.7这个服务器暂时就不会分配流量，不参与负载均衡

# 只有当所有的机器全部宕机，才能启动。
upstream supermarie {
    server 172.16.1.7:80 backup;
    server 172.16.1.8:80;
    server 172.16.1.9:80;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name _;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://supermarie;
        include /etc/nginx/proxy_params;
    }
}
# 这样只有web02和web03宕机了才会访问172.16.1.7服务器

max_fails：允许请求失败的次数
fail_timeout：经过max_fails失败后, 服务暂停时间
# proxy_next_upstream 后端错误标识
[root@lb01 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/game.conf 
upstream supermarie {
    server 172.16.1.7:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=3s;
    server 172.16.1.8:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=3s;
    server 172.16.1.9:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=3s;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name _;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://supermarie;
        proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_404; 
        include /etc/nginx/proxy_params;
    }
}
# 后端出现错误，会自动干掉服务，不会去访问

# proxy_next_upstream可以指定的错误类型如下????：
error             # 与服务器建立连接，向其传递请求或读取响应头时发生错误;
timeout           # 在与服务器建立连接，向其传递请求或读取响应头时发生超时;
invalid_header    # 服务器返回空的或无效的响应;
http_500          # 服务器返回代码为500的响应;
http_502          # 服务器返回代码为502的响应;
http_503          # 服务器返回代码为503的响应;
http_504          # 服务器返回代码504的响应;
http_403          # 服务器返回代码为403的响应;
http_404          # 服务器返回代码为404的响应;
http_429          # 服务器返回代码为429的响应（1.11.13）;
non_idempotent    # 通常，请求与 非幂等 方法（POST，LOCK，PATCH）不传递到请求是否已被发送到上游服务器（1.9.13）的下一个服务器; 启用此选项显式允许重试此类请求;
off               # 禁用将请求传递给下一个服务器。

1、创建用户
[root@web01 opt]# groupadd django -g 888
[root@web01 opt]# useradd django -u 888 -g 888 -r -M -s /bin/sh
2、安装依赖软件
[root@web01 opt]# yum install python3 libxml* python-devel gcc* pcre-devel openssl-devel python3-devel -y
3、上传文件
[root@web01 ~]# scp bbs.zip 172.16.1.8:/opt/
[root@web01 ~]# scp bbs.zip 172.16.1.9:/opt/

4、安装Django和uwsgi
[root@web01 opt]# pip3 install django==1.11
[root@web01 opt]# pip3 install uwsgi
[root@web01 opt]# pip3 install pymysql
5、创建项目
[root@web01 opt]# unzip bbs.zip 
[root@web03 bbs]# pwd
/opt/bbs
[root@web03 bbs]# vim bbs/settings.py 
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'bbs',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '123456',
        'HOST': '172.16.1.61',
        'PORT': 3306,
        'CHARSET': 'utf8'
    }
}
# 启动测试
[root@web01 bbs]# python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
# 注意数据库远程连接必须开启

6、编辑项目配置文件
[root@web01 bbs]# vim /opt/bbs/myweb_uwsgi.ini 
[uwsgi]
# 端口号
socket            = :8000
# 指定项目的目录
chdir           = /opt/bbs
# wsgi文件路径
wsgi-file       = bbs/wsgi.py
# 模块wsgi路径
module          = bbs.wsgi
# 是否开启master进程
master          = true
# 工作进程的最大数目
processes       = 4
# 结束后是否清理文件
vacuum          = true
7、启动uwsgi（在bbs目录测试）
[root@web01 bbs]# uwsgi -d --ini myweb_uwsgi.ini --uid 666
-d    : 以守护进程方式运行
--ini : 指定配置文件路径
--uid : 指定uid
TCP 服务
8、编辑Nginx配置文件
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/python.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name py.test.com;
    location / { 
        include uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;
        uwsgi_read_timeout 2;
        uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT bbs.wsgi;
        uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /opt/bbs;
        index  index.html index.htm;
        client_max_body_size 35m;
    }
}
9、测试且重启Nginx配置
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx

[root@lb01 conf.d]# vim python.conf 
upstream bbs {
    server 172.16.1.7:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=3s;
    server 172.16.1.8:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=3s;
    server 172.16.1.9:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=3s;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name py.test.com;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://bbs;
        proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_404; 
        include /etc/nginx/proxy_params;
    }
}
[root@lb01 conf.d]# nginx -t
[root@lb01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx 
# 域名解析
windows下hosts文件
# 注意连接池的名称不能相同，和其他的负载均衡连接池区分
# 真机测试是否成功