自动化运维工具ansible的简单使用

准备两台机器,一台作为服务端,一台作为客户端

1、在其中一台服务端上安装ansible

[root@zhouyuyao ~]# yum install -y epel-release

[root@zhouyuyao ~]# yum install -y ansible


2、配置密钥

在服务端生成密钥对:

[root@database ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

Enter same passphrase again:

Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

7e:90:5c:3b:e2:71:4d:ed:e8:fc:ed:7b:21:42:c5:43 root@database

The key's randomart image is:

+--[ RSA 2048]----+

|            oE   |

|             =   |

|          . o o  |

|       . o = o   |

|        S = o .  |

|       o = = . . |

|        o . + . .|

|         .   . ..|

|              .o=|

+-----------------+

把公钥(id_rsa.pub)内容放到对方机器的/root/.ssh/authorized_keys,本机也要操作cat id_rsa.pub >>authorized_keys.

设置权限:chmod 600 authorized_keys

关闭selinux和iptables


3、测试服务端能ssh连接客户端

/*如报错msg则安装libselinux-python包*/


4、修改ansible配置文件

vim /etc/ansible/hosts

添加

[testhosts]

127.0.0.1

192.168.44.131

保存退出

ansible默认使用root用户登录远程服务,如生产机上环境进行了安全加固不允许root直接登录,而许多命令又需要root用户来执行,那么可以通过一个普通账户先登录,再su切换到root执行,希望在通过ansible执行的时候不需要交互输入密码,而是直接执行后的输出结果。

那么可从官网信息了解到,除了ansible_ssh_user、ansible_ssh_pass变量外,还为su切换提供了ansible_su_pass变量,通过该变量我们可以把root密码直接写到配置文件中。具体如下:

[root@database ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts

[testhosts]

192.168.44.134 ansible_ssh_user=test ansible_ssh_pass=111111 ansible_su_pass=*I2145

192.168.44.135 ansible_ssh_user=test ansible_ssh_pass=xyz123  ansible_su_pass=mn1Pokm

192.168.44.136 ansible_ssh_user=amos ansible_ssh_pass=asdf ansible_su_pass=xyzp)okm


5、在服务端使用ansible远程执行命令

[root@database ~]# ansible 192.168.44.131 -m command -a "w"

192.168.44.131 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>

10:40:12 up 50 min,  4 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.04, 0.08

USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT

root     tty1                      09:49   50:20   0.01s  0.01s -bash

root     pts/0    192.168.44.1     09:50    4.00s  0.10s  0.03s ssh 192.168.44.131

root     pts/1    192.168.44.131   10:35    4.00s  0.46s  0.00s ssh -C -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o ControlPath=/root/.ansible/cp/ansible-ssh-%h-%p-%r -tt 192.168.44.131 /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1490020811.62-276287230088127/command.py; rm -rf "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1490020811.62-2762872

root     pts/3    192.168.44.131   10:40    0.00s  0.10s  0.02s w

/*如报错msg则安装libselinux-python包*/

[root@database ~]# ansible 192.168.44.131 -m shell -a "hostname"

192.168.44.131 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>

database

[root@database ~]# ansible 192.168.44.131 -m shell -a "cat /etc/passwd |grep root"

192.168.44.131 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

shell支持带管道的命令,command是不支持的

shell能实现的功能command不一定能实现,command能实现的功能shell一定能实现。


6、ansible拷贝目录或文件:

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.44.129 -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible dest=/tmp/ansibletest owner=root group=root mode=0644"

192.168.44.129 | SUCCESS => {

"changed": false,

"dest": "/tmp/ansibletest/",

"src": "/etc/ansible"

}


7、远程执行脚本

1)首先创建一个脚本

[root@ansible ~]# vim /tmp/test.sh


2)把脚本分发到各个机器上

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.44.129 -m copy -a "src=/tmp/test.sh dest=/tmp/test.sh mode=0755"

192.168.44.129 | SUCCESS => {

"changed": true,

"checksum": "36b1098c7103132b8b595e740a603b67f62daf18",

"dest": "/tmp/test.sh",

"gid": 0,

"group": "root",

"mode": "0755",

"owner": "root",

"path": "/tmp/test.sh",

"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",

"size": 46,

"state": "file",

"uid": 0

}


3)批量执行该shell脚本

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.44.129 -m shell -a "src=/tmp/test.sh"

192.168.44.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>


8、ansible实现任务计划

1)添加任务计划

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.44.129 -m cron -a "name='test cron' job='/bin/bash /tmp/test.sh' weekday=6"

192.168.44.129 | SUCCESS => {

"changed": true,

"envs": [],

"jobs": [

"test cron"

]

}

————————————————————————

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.44.129 -m cron -a "name='test cron' job='/bin/bash /tmp/test.sh' day='1-10' weekday=6"

192.168.44.129 | SUCCESS => {

"changed": true,

"envs": [],

"jobs": [

"test cron"

]

}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.44.129 -m cron -a "name='test cron' job='/bin/bash /tmp/test.sh' day='1,4,10' weekday=6"

192.168.44.129 | SUCCESS => {

"changed": true,

"envs": [],

"jobs": [

"test cron"

]

}

————————————————————————


2)删除任务计划

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.44.129 -m cron -a "name='test cron' state=absent"

192.168.44.129 | SUCCESS => {

"changed": true,

"envs": [],

"jobs": []

}

其他时间表示:分钟minute,小时hour,日期day,月份month


9、ansible安装rpm包 & 管理服务

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.44.129 -m yum -a "name=httpd"

192.168.44.129 | SUCCESS => {

"changed": false,

"msg": "",

"rc": 0,

"results": [

"httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64 providing httpd is already installed"

]

}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.44.129 -m yum -a "name=ntp"

192.168.44.129 | SUCCESS => {

"changed": true,

"msg": "",

"rc": 0,

"results": [

"Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirrors.btte.net\n * epel: mirror.premi.st\n * extras: mirrors.btte.net\n * updates: mirrors.btte.net\n * webtatic: uk.repo.webtatic.com\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package ntp.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.1 will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: ntpdate = 4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.1 for package: ntp-4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.1.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libopts.so.25()(64bit) for package: ntp-4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.1.x86_64\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package autogen-libopts.x86_64 0:5.18-5.el7 will be installed\n---> Package ntpdate.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.1 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package             Arch       Version                       Repository   Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n ntp                 x86_64     4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.1       updates     547 k\nInstalling for dependencies:\n autogen-libopts     x86_64     5.18-5.el7                    base         66 k\n ntpdate             x86_64     4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.1       updates      85 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall  1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)\n\nTotal download size: 699 k\nInstalled size: 1.6 M\nDownloading packages:\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTotal                                               58 kB/s | 699 kB  00:12     \nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n  Installing : ntpdate-4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.1.x86_64                       1/3 \n  Installing : autogen-libopts-5.18-5.el7.x86_64                            2/3 \n  Installing : ntp-4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.1.x86_64                           3/3 \n  Verifying  : ntp-4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.1.x86_64                           1/3 \n  Verifying  : autogen-libopts-5.18-5.el7.x86_64                            2/3 \n  Verifying  : ntpdate-4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.1.x86_64                       3/3 \n\nInstalled:\n  ntp.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.1                                          \n\nDependency Installed:\n  autogen-libopts.x86_64 0:5.18-5.el7  ntpdate.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.1 \n\nComplete!\n"

]

}

示例:

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.44.129 -m yum -a "name=axel state=installed"

192.168.44.129 | SUCCESS => {

[root@client ~]# rpm -qa|grep axel

[root@client ~]# rpm -qa|grep axel

axel-2.4-9.el7.x86_64


10、ansible文档的使用

列出所有模块:

[root@ansible ~]# ansible-doc -l

查看指定模块的文档:

[root@ansible ~]# ansible-doc cron


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