Node.js的8.0版本以上可以这样调整

export NODE_OPTIONS=--max_old_space_size=4096

也可以使用自动化、工程化配置插件

increase-memory-limit

https://gist.github.com/tjunghans/90ff3bbf575b8b1da41f3fb56e374931

Command line

node --help --v8-options | grep -B 1 -A 1 max-old-space
        type: bool  default: false
  --max-old-space-size (max size of the old space (in Mbytes))
        type: size_t  default: 0

"Old space" is the biggest and most configurable section of V8‘s managed (aka garbage-collected) heap (i.e. where the JavaScript objects live), and the --max-old-space-size flag controls its maximum size. As memory consumption approaches the limit, V8 will spend more time on garbage collection in an effort to free unused memory. If heap memory consumption (i.e. live objects that the GC cannot free) exceeds the limit, V8 will crash your process (for lack of alternative), so you don‘t want to set it too low. Of course, if you set it too high, then the additional heap usage that V8 will allow might cause your overall system to run out of memory (and either swap or kill random processes, for lack of alternative). In summary, on a machine with 2GB of memory I would probably set --max-old-space-size to about 1.5GB to leave some memory for other uses and avoid swapping.

• Source *

Setting

export NODE_OPTIONS=--max-old-space-size=8192

References

• Can we document --max_old_space_size or is it deprecated?
• memory limit in Node.js (and chrome V8)
• NodeJS Documentation
• Add max-old-space-size to npmrc #1783

nodejs内存使用：https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/node-memory-use


https://grizzlybit.info/blog/increase-nodejs-memory-limit

In Node.js, we don‘t explicitly manage the memory, we rather leave it to v8 garbage collector to do that for us. But it might not have the wiggle room to crunch the data we want it to. Hence, we might end up with a FATAL ERROR like below:

FATAL ERROR: CALL_AND_RETRY_LAST Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory
 1: 0x1011d1c65 node::Abort() (.cold.1) [/usr/local/bin/node]
 2: 0x10009f919 node::Abort() [/usr/local/bin/node]
 3: 0x10009fa7f node::OnFatalError(char const*, char const*) [/usr/local/bin/node]
 4: 0x1001e3867 v8::Utils::ReportOOMFailure(v8::internal::Isolate*, char const*, bool) [/usr/local/bin/node]
 5: 0x1001e3807 v8::internal::V8::FatalProcessOutOfMemory(v8::internal::Isolate*, char const*, bool) [/usr/local/bin/node]
 6: 0x10036b995 v8::internal::Heap::FatalProcessOutOfMemory(char const*) [/usr/local/bin/node]
 7: 0x100373a3c v8::internal::Heap::AllocateRawWithRetryOrFail(int, v8::internal::AllocationType, v8::internal::AllocationOrigin, v8::internal::AllocationAlignment) [/usr/local/bin/node]
 8: 0x10033fdbd v8::internal::Factory::NewFixedArrayWithFiller(v8::internal::RootIndex, int, v8::internal::Object, v8::internal::AllocationType) [/usr/local/bin/node]
 9: 0x1004b9d29 v8::internal::(anonymous namespace)::ElementsAccessorBase<v8::internal::(anonymous namespace)::FastHoleySmiElementsAccessor, v8::internal::(anonymous namespace)::ElementsKindTraits<(v8::internal::ElementsKind)1> >::GrowCapacityAndConvertImpl(v8::internal::Handle<v8::internal::JSObject>, unsigned int) [/usr/local/bin/node]
10: 0x1004b98e8 v8::internal::(anonymous namespace)::ElementsAccessorBase<v8::internal::(anonymous namespace)::FastHoleySmiElementsAccessor, v8::internal::(anonymous namespace)::ElementsKindTraits<(v8::internal::ElementsKind)1> >::SetLengthImpl(v8::internal::Isolate*, v8::internal::Handle<v8::internal::JSArray>, unsigned int, v8::internal::Handle<v8::internal::FixedArrayBase>) [/usr/local/bin/node]
11: 0x100582d51 v8::internal::JSArray::SetLength(v8::internal::Handle<v8::internal::JSArray>, unsigned int) [/usr/local/bin/node]
12: 0x10024c9a6 v8::internal::Accessors::ArrayLengthSetter(v8::Local<v8::Name>, v8::Local<v8::Value>, v8::PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Boolean> const&) [/usr/local/bin/node]
13: 0x100418466 v8::internal::PropertyCallbackArguments::CallAccessorSetter(v8::internal::Handle<v8::internal::AccessorInfo>, v8::internal::Handle<v8::internal::Name>, v8::internal::Handle<v8::internal::Object>) [/usr/local/bin/node]
14: 0x10041503c v8::internal::Runtime_StoreCallbackProperty(int, unsigned long*, v8::internal::Isolate*) [/usr/local/bin/node]
15: 0x1009dcb79 Builtins_CEntry_Return1_DontSaveFPRegs_ArgvOnStack_NoBuiltinExit [/usr/local/bin/node]
16: 0x39249b3c82ac
17: 0x100962524 Builtins_InterpreterEntryTrampoline [/usr/local/bin/node]
[1]    39205 abort      node index.js

我电脑运行得到的日志：

{ rss: 1524232192,
  heapTotal: 1509670912,
  heapUsed: 1456969344,
  external: 8272 }

<--- Last few GCs --->
n [13831:0x2719980]    19972 ms: Mark-sweep 1389.5 (1439.7) -> 1389.4 (1439.7) MB, 138.2 / 0.0 ms  (+ 0.0 ms in 0 steps since start of marking, biggest step 0.0 ms, walltime since start of marking 138 ms) (average mu = 0.102, current mu = 0.006) allocation [13831:0x2719980]    20112 ms: Mark-sweep 1389.4 (1439.7) -> 1389.4 (1439.7) MB, 139.3 / 0.0 ms  (+ 0.0 ms in 0 steps since start of marking, biggest step 0.0 ms, walltime since start of marking 140 ms) (average mu = 0.055, current mu = 0.003) allocation 

<--- JS stacktrace --->

==== JS stack trace =========================================

    0: ExitFrame [pc: 0x29dbf095be1d]
Security context: 0x01b54756a5d1 <JSObject>
    1: /* anonymous */ [0xa9e06484c29] [/server/mytest/nodeJsMemoryTest.js:~1] [pc=0x29dbf09fb3c3](this=0x0a9e06484d59 <Object map = 0x3f6dd8882571>,exports=0x0a9e06484d59 <Object map = 0x3f6dd8882571>,require=0x0a9e06484d19 <JSFunction require (sfi = 0xbf6fdec6301)>,module=0x0a9e06484c91 <Module map = 0x3f6dd88d4fd9>,__filename=0x0bf6fdecd261 <String[34]: /...

FATAL ERROR: Ineffective mark-compacts near heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory
 1: 0x8fb090 node::Abort() [node]
 2: 0x8fb0dc  [node]
 3: 0xb0322e v8::Utils::ReportOOMFailure(v8::internal::Isolate*, char const*, bool) [node]
 4: 0xb03464 v8::internal::V8::FatalProcessOutOfMemory(v8::internal::Isolate*, char const*, bool) [node]
 5: 0xef74c2  [node]
 6: 0xef75c8 v8::internal::Heap::CheckIneffectiveMarkCompact(unsigned long, double) [node]
 7: 0xf036a2 v8::internal::Heap::PerformGarbageCollection(v8::internal::GarbageCollector, v8::GCCallbackFlags) [node]
 8: 0xf03fd4 v8::internal::Heap::CollectGarbage(v8::internal::AllocationSpace, v8::internal::GarbageCollectionReason, v8::GCCallbackFlags) [node]
 9: 0xf06c41 v8::internal::Heap::AllocateRawWithRetryOrFail(int, v8::internal::AllocationSpace, v8::internal::AllocationAlignment) [node]
10: 0xecfd36 v8::internal::Factory::AllocateRawArray(int, v8::internal::PretenureFlag) [node]
11: 0xed05ba v8::internal::Factory::NewFixedArrayWithFiller(v8::internal::Heap::RootListIndex, int, v8::internal::Object*, v8::internal::PretenureFlag) [node]
12: 0xed0b77 v8::internal::Factory::NewUninitializedFixedArray(int, v8::internal::PretenureFlag) [node]
13: 0xe91a60  [node]
14: 0xe94bf2  [node]
15: 0xe94f52  [node]
16: 0xaf8ec6 v8::internal::Accessors::ArrayLengthSetter(v8::Local<v8::Name>, v8::Local<v8::Value>, v8::PropertyCallbackInfo<v8::Boolean> const&) [node]
17: 0xf6bd57 v8::internal::Runtime_StoreCallbackProperty(int, v8::internal::Object**, v8::internal::Isolate*) [node]
18: 0x29dbf095be1d 
Aborted

If you would like to trigger this error, we can run a simple program like:

//index.js

const references = [];

const allocateSize = (size) => {
  const numbers = size / 8;
  const arr = [];
  arr.length = numbers;
  for (let i = 0; i < numbers; i++) {
    arr[i] = i;
  }
  return arr;
};

while (true) {
  //steps of 100
  const allocation = allocateSize(100 * 1024);
  //keep in memory so it is not garbage collected
  references.push(allocation);
  const usage = process.memoryUsage();
  console.log(usage);
}
或者：

const array = [];
while (true) {
  // This makes the array bigger on each iteration
  array.push(new Array(10000000));

  const memory = process.memoryUsage();
  console.log((memory.heapUsed / 1024 / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(4), ‘GB‘);
}

The loop above should run and exhaust the memory limit for your Node.js program.

node --max-old-space-size=2048 index.js

node --max-old-space-size=1024 app.js                     # increase to 1gb
node --max-old-space-size=2048 app.js                     # increase to 2gb
node --max-old-space-size=3072 app.js                     # increase to 3gb
node --max-old-space-size=4096 app.js                     # increase to 4gb
node --max-old-space-size=5120 app.js                     # increase to 5gb
node --max-old-space-size=6144 app.js                     # increase to 6gb

pm2 start index.js --node-args="--max-old-space-size=1024" # increase to 1gb
pm2 start index.js --node-args="--max-old-space-size=2048" # increase to 2gb
pm2 start index.js --node-args="--max-old-space-size=3072" # increase to 3gb
pm2 start index.js --node-args="--max-old-space-size=4096" # increase to 4gb
pm2 start index.js --node-args="--max-old-space-size=5120" # increase to 5gb
pm2 start index.js --node-args="--max-old-space-size=6144" # increase to 6gb

node --help --v8-options