在使用 Tomcat服务器 + SpringFramework 进行JavaEE项目的开发部署的时候可以在Tomcat的配置文件中进行JDBC数据源的配置,具体步骤如下(这里省略了工程的建立步骤):
1) 添加如下代码到tomcat的conf目录下的server.xml中:
- <Context>
- <Resource name="jdbc/demoDB" auth="Container"
- type="javax.sql.DataSource"
- driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
- url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo"
- username="root"
- password="123"
- maxActive="50"
- maxIdle="30"
- maxWait="10000" />
- </Context>
完成上述步骤数据源的连接池配置已经完成,但是为了提高项目的可移植性,最好将上述第二步的内容放入到工程的META-INF目录的context.xml中(这个文件需要自行建立):
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <Context>
- <Resource name="jdbc/demoDB" auth="Container"
- type="javax.sql.DataSource"
- driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
- url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo"
- username="root"
- password="123"
- maxActive="50"
- maxIdle="30"
- maxWait="10000" />
- </Context>
2)在spring的配置文件,如applicationContext.xml中配置配置如下内容:
- <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
- <beans>
- <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">
- <property name="jndiName">
- <value>java:comp/env/jdbc/demoDB</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
- <property name="dataSource">
- <ref bean="dataSource" />
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 这里是自定义的数据库基础操作类 -->
- <bean id="sqlBaseDAO" class="demo.BaseDAOImpl">
- <property name="jdbcTemplate">
- <ref bean="jdbcTemplate" />
- </property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
3)建立数据库基础操作类 BaseDAOImpl
接口代码:
- public interface BaseDAO {
- public List<Map<String, Object>> select(String sql);
- public void update(String how);
- public void insert(Object obj);
- public void insert(String sql);
- public void save(String sql);
- public void edit(String sql);
- public void execute(String sql, PreparedStatementCallback callback);
- public void delete(String sql);
- public void insertObjects(String[] sqls);
- public Connection getConnection() throws Exception;
- }
实现类代码:
- public class BaseDAOImpl implements BaseDAO {
- private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
- public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate){
- this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
- }
- public void insert(Object obj) {
- }
- public void insert(String sql) {
- jdbcTemplate.execute(sql);
- }
- public void insertObjects(String[] sqls) {
- jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sqls);
- }
- public List<Map<String, Object>> select(String sql) {
- return jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql);
- }
- public void update(String how) {
- jdbcTemplate.update(how);
- }
- public void delete(String sql) {
- if (sql == null) {
- return;
- }
- jdbcTemplate.execute(sql);
- }
- public void edit(String sql) {
- if (sql == null) {
- return;
- }
- jdbcTemplate.execute(sql);
- }
- public void execute(String sql, PreparedStatementCallback callback) {
- jdbcTemplate.execute(sql, callback);
- }
- public void save(String sql) {
- if (sql == null) {
- return;
- }
- jdbcTemplate.execute(sql);
- }
- public Connection getConnection() throws Exception {
- Connection conn = jdbcTemplate.getDataSource().getConnection();
- return conn;
- }
- }
这里存在一个疑问:
运行如下代码:
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean jofb = new org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean();
- javax.sql.DataSource ds = (javax.sql.DataSource)jofb;
- org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate jTemplate = new org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate();
- jTemplate.setDataSource(ds);
- }
会报告如下的错误:
- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean cannot be cast to javax.sql.DataSource
从JndiObjectFactoryBean的源码中也可以看到,JndiObjectFactoryBean的父类或所继承的接口都没有继承javax.sql.DataSource接口,所以一下的配置中:
- <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">
- <property name="jndiName">
- <value>java:comp/env/jdbc/portalDataService</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
- <property name="dataSource">
- <ref bean="dataSource" />
- </property>
- </bean>
对org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate的dataSource属性的注入为何能够成功?
带着这样的疑问去iteye中提问,没有得到详细的解答,但是iteye的提示功能似乎很不错,在问题的下方给出了相关内容参考提示,进入到《从源代码解读spring之DataSource实现和FactoryBean模式》这个帖子中,看完以后大受启发。一下是从这篇帖子摘抄出来的内容:
再看源码后发现,JndiObjectFactoryBean实现了FactoryBean接口,下面是org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean源代码里一段注释:
- /**
- * Interface to be implemented by objects used within a BeanFactory
- * that are themselves factories. If a bean implements this interface,
- * it is used as a factory, not directly as a bean.
- *
- * <p><b>NB: A bean that implements this interface cannot be used
- * as a normal bean.</b> A FactoryBean is defined in a bean style,
- * but the object exposed for bean references is always the object
- * that it creates.
- */
翻译过来是说:所有实现FactoryBean接口的类都被当作工厂来使用,而不是简单的直接当作bean来使用,FactoryBean实现类里定义了要生产的对象,并且由FactoryBean实现类来造该对象的实例,看到这里聪明的大概已经能猜出个八九不离十了吧,我们回过头来看看JndiObjectFactoryBean的实现细节 :
- private Object jndiObject;
- /**
- * Look up the JNDI object and store it.
- * 广义上说是造对象的过程,就本例而言,是通过JNDI获得DataSource对象
- */
- public void afterPropertiesSet() throws IllegalArgumentException, NamingException {
- super.afterPropertiesSet();
- if (this.proxyInterface != null) {
- if (this.defaultObject != null) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException(
- "'defaultObject' is not supported in combination with 'proxyInterface'");
- }
- // We need a proxy and a JndiObjectTargetSource.
- this.jndiObject = JndiObjectProxyFactory.createJndiObjectProxy(this);
- }
- else {
- if (!this.lookupOnStartup || !this.cache) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException(
- "Cannot deactivate 'lookupOnStartup' or 'cache' without specifying a 'proxyInterface'");
- }
- if (this.defaultObject != null && getExpectedType() != null &&
- !getExpectedType().isInstance(this.defaultObject)) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Default object [" + this.defaultObject +
- "] of type [" + this.defaultObject.getClass().getName() +
- "] is not of expected type [" + getExpectedType().getName() + "]");
- }
- // Locate specified JNDI object.
- this.jndiObject = lookupWithFallback();
- }
- }
- /**
- * Return the singleton JNDI object.
- * 返回JNDI对象(DataSource对象)
- */
- public Object getObject() {
- return this.jndiObject;
- }
- public Class getObjectType() {
- if (this.proxyInterface != null) {
- return this.proxyInterface;
- }
- else if (this.jndiObject != null) {
- return this.jndiObject.getClass();
- }
- else {
- return getExpectedType();
- }
- }
对于JndiObjectFactoryBean对象,spring IOC容器启动时确实造了它的对象,只不过这时是工厂本身,spring会自动调用工厂里的afterPropertiesSet()方法去造真正需要的bean,然后调用getObject()和getObjectType()方法返回已造好的对象和类型,再将其准确的注入依赖它的其他bean里面。
好吧,也许上面org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean的注释看起来像家长教育孩子该怎么怎么,那么Spring到底是怎么实现这种思想的呢?参考《Spring技术内幕》中2.5.3节对FactoryBean的实现的讲解,结合Spring的源码可以看到:
常见的工厂Bean是怎样实现的,这些FactoryBean为应用生成需要的对象,这些对象往往是经过特殊处理的,比如像 ProxyFactoryBean 这样的特殊 Bean。FactoryBean 的生产特性是在getBean中起作用的,我们看到下面的调用:
再来看FactoryBean特性的实现:
- //该方法在org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory类中
- protected Object getObjectForBeanInstance(
- Object beanInstance, String name, String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
- // Don't let calling code try to dereference the factory if the bean isn't a factory.
- // 如果这里不是对FactoryBean的调用,那么结束处理。
- if (BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name) && !(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean)) {
- throw new BeanIsNotAFactoryException(transformedBeanName(name), beanInstance.getClass());
- }
- // Now we have the bean instance, which may be a normal bean or a FactoryBean.
- // If it's a FactoryBean, we use it to create a bean instance, unless the
- // caller actually wants a reference to the factory.
- if (!(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean) || BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name)) {
- return beanInstance;
- }
- Object object = null;
- if (mbd == null) {
- object = getCachedObjectForFactoryBean(beanName);
- }
- if (object == null) {
- // Return bean instance from factory.
- FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) beanInstance;
- // Caches object obtained from FactoryBean if it is a singleton.
- if (mbd == null && containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
- mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
- }
- boolean synthetic = (mbd != null && mbd.isSynthetic());
- //这里从FactoryBean中得到bean。
- object = getObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName, !synthetic);
- }
- return object;
- }
- //该方法在org.springframework.beans.factory.support.FactoryBeanRegistrySupport类中
- protected Object getObjectFromFactoryBean(FactoryBean factory, String beanName, boolean shouldPostProcess) {
- if (factory.isSingleton() && containsSingleton(beanName)) {
- synchronized (getSingletonMutex()) {
- Object object = this.factoryBeanObjectCache.get(beanName);
- if (object == null) {
- object = doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName, shouldPostProcess);
- this.factoryBeanObjectCache.put(beanName, (object != null ? object : NULL_OBJECT));
- }
- return (object != NULL_OBJECT ? object : null);
- }
- }
- else {
- return doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName, shouldPostProcess);
- }
- }
- //该方法在org.springframework.beans.factory.support.FactoryBeanRegistrySupport类中
- private Object doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(
- final FactoryBean factory, final String beanName, final boolean shouldPostProcess)
- throws BeanCreationException {
- Object object;
- //这里调用factory的getObject方法来从FactoryBean中得到bean。
- try {
- if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
- AccessControlContext acc = getAccessControlContext();
- try {
- object = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>() {
- public Object run() throws Exception {
- return factory.getObject();
- }
- }, acc);
- }
- catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
- throw pae.getException();
- }
- }
- else {
- object = factory.getObject();
- }
- }
- catch (FactoryBeanNotInitializedException ex) {
- throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName, ex.toString());
- }
- catch (Throwable ex) {
- throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "FactoryBean threw exception on object creation", ex);
- }
- // Do not accept a null value for a FactoryBean that's not fully
- // initialized yet: Many FactoryBeans just return null then.
- if (object == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
- throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(
- beanName, "FactoryBean which is currently in creation returned null from getObject");
- }
- if (object != null && shouldPostProcess) {
- try {
- object = postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean(object, beanName);
- }
- catch (Throwable ex) {
- throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Post-processing of the FactoryBean's object failed", ex);
- }
- }
- return object;
- }
这里返回的已经是作为工厂的 FactoryBean 生产的产品,并不是 FactoryBean 本身。这种FactoryBean的机制可以为我们提供一个很好的封装机制,比如封装Proxy、RMI、JNDI等。经过对FactoryBean实现过程的原理分析,相信读者会对getObject方法有很深刻的印象。这个方法就是主要的FactoryBean 的接口,需要实现特定的工厂的生产过程,至于这个生产过程是怎样和IoC容器整合的,就是我们在上面分析的内容。
那么返回的类型是怎么确定为javax.sql.DataSource类型的呢?回头再看在context.xml中的数据源配置可以看到:
- type="javax.sql.DataSource"
这样一句。然后在去细看JndiObjectFactoryBean类中的afterPropertiesSet方法的具体代码所以一切都明了了。
综上所述,这里主要还是要对Spring的FactoryBean模式的理解最为重要。